Thursday, August 29, 2019
Wednesday, August 28, 2019
ANALYSIS OF THE HINDU AND ECONOMICS TIMES 28 TH AUGUST,2019
28 TH AUGUST,2019
THE HINDU AND ECONOMICS TIMETHE HINDU
QUESTIONS ON RBI’S CREDIBILITY OUTLANDSIH
SALOMAN V SALOMAN AND CO LTD COMPANY LAW 2013
COMPANIES ACT 2013
CASES ON COMPANY LAW
FACTS OF THE CASE
1. SALOMAN HAD A
BOOT BUSINESS,HE SOLD THE BUSINESS TO A COMPANY NAMED SALOMAN & COMPANY LTD
WHICH HE FORMED
Tuesday, August 27, 2019
THE HINDU AND THE ECONOMIC TIMES ANALAYIS 27 TH AUGUST,2019
THE HINDU AND THE ECONOMIC TIMES ANALAYIS 27 TH AUGUST,2019
PM REJECTS SCOPE FOR THIRD PARTY MEDIATION IN KASHMIR
DAIMLER CO LTD V CONTINENTAL TYRE RUBBER CO LTD COMPANY LAW
COMPANY LAW
DAIMLER CO LTD VS CONTINENTAL RUBBER CO LTD ( 1916)
- C. A PRIVATE
COMPNY WAS INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND FOR THE PURPOSE OF SELLING THE MOTOR
TYRES MANUFACTURED IN GERMAN BY GERMAN COMPANY
- THE GERMAN COMPANY HELD THE BULD OF SHARES IN THE COMPANY C AND ALL THE DIRECTORS WERE GERMAN RESIDENTS IN GERMANY
CARLIL V CARBOLIC SMOKE BALL CO CASE STUDY ON LAW OF CONTRACT
·
( 1893)
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
·
OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE
LAWS OF CONTRACT
LAWS OF CONTRACT
·
CARLIL V CARBOLIC SMOKE BALL
1. CARBOLIC
SMOKE BALL CO OFFERED BY AN ADVERTISMENT A REWARD OF 100 POUND TO ANY PERSON
WHO SHOULD CONTRACTINFLUENZA AFTER HAVING USED THE SMOKE BALLS THREE TIMES
DAILY FOR TWO WEEKS ACCORDING TO THE PRINTED DIRECTIONS
2. ADDED THAT
POUND 100 WERE DEPOSITED IN THE BANK SHOWING ITS SINCERITY IN THE PROMISE
Monday, August 26, 2019
Sunday, August 25, 2019
MEANING AND NEED OF ECONOMIC REFORMS SINCE 1991
- MEANING AND NEED OF ECONOMIC REFORMS SINCE 1991
OR NEW ECONOMIC POLICY
INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
- MEANING OF ECONOMIC REFORMS
- ECONOMIC REFORMS REFERS TO SET OF ECONOMIC POLICIES DIRECTED TO
ACCELERATE THE PACE OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
- MICRO ECONOMIC REFORM OR ECONOMIC REFORM COMPRISE OF POLICIES DIRECTED
TO ACHIEVE IMPROVEMENT IN ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY EITHER BY ELIMINATING OR
REDUCING DISTORTIONS IN INDIVIDUAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY OR BY REFORMING ECONOMY WIDE POLICIES SUCH AS TAXATION POLICY WITH AN EMPHASIS ON ECONOMIC
EFFICIENCY RATHER THAN OTHER GOALS SUCH AS EQUITY OR EMPLOYMENT GROWTH.
- DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC REFORM
Saturday, August 24, 2019
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR ON THE EVE OF INDEPENDENCE IN INDIA
·
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR ON THE EVE OF INDEPENDENCE IN
INDIA
INDIAN ECONOMY ON THE EVE OF INDEPENDENCE 2
INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
INDIAN ECONOMY ON THE EVE OF INDEPENDENCE 2
INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
- WHAT WE HAVE COVERED
- COLONIAL EXPLOITATION OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY UNDER BRITISH RULE
- FEATURES OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY ON THE EVE OD INDEPENDENCE
- AGRICULTURE SECTOR ON THE EVE OF INDEPENDENCE
Friday, August 23, 2019
NEWS PAPER ANALYSIS WITH EDITORIAL THE HINDU AND ECONOMICS TIMES 23RD AUGUST 201
- NEWS PAPER ANALYSIS WITH
EDITORIAL
THE HINDU AND ECONOMICS TIMES 23RD AUGUST 2019
QUESTIONS FOR YOU
- WHICH COUNTRY WILL REWARD THE “ORDER OF JEYED” THE HIGHEST CIVILIAN DECORATION TO INDIAN PRIME MINISTER?
- THE NAME OF THE TEMPLE PM IS GOING TO WITNESS THE DEVELOPMENT IN BAHRAIN?
- NAME THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRANCE
- WHERE THE G 7 IS GOING TO BE HELD?
- WHICH STATE HAS GIVEN THE FIRST RANK BY NATIONAL HEALTH MISSION?
- WHICH COUNTRY HAS BEEN BLACK LISTED
BY ASIA PACIFIC GROUP?
- WHICH COUNTRY HAS IMPOSED TARIFF ON CHINES GOODS AND AT WHAT RATE?
Thursday, August 22, 2019
Wednesday, August 21, 2019
NEWS PAPER ANALYSIS 3 21 ST AUGUST 2019 THE HINDU AND ECONOMIC TIMES
- NEWS PAPER ANALYSIS 3
THE HINDU AND ECONOMICS TIME
21 ST AUGUST,2019
- THE HINDU
AADHAR-SOCIAL MEDIA LINK: SC CONCERNED OVER MISUSE OF WEB
Tuesday, August 20, 2019
NEWS PAPER ANALYSIS( THE HINDU AND ECONOMICS TIMES ) 19TH AUGUST TO 20 TH AUGUST
- NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS 2
19TH AUGUST TO 20TH AUGUST ( THE HINDU AND ECONOMIC TIMES ) - EDITORIAL PAGES ( THE HINDU ) 19 TH AUGUST 2019
- UNCLEAR DOCTRINE:-
AUDIT DOCUMENTATION SA 230
- AUDIT DOCUMENTATION SA 230
CONTEMPORARY AUDITING
AUDITING AND ASSURANCE - MEANING OF AUDIT DOCUMENTATION
SA 210,AGREEING THE TERMS OF AUDIT ENGAGEMENT
AGREEING THE TERMS OF AUDIT ENGAGEMENT
CONTEMPORARY AUDITING
•
OBJECTIVE
•
THE OBJECTIVE OF THE AUDITOR IS TO ACCEPT OR
CONTINUE AN AUDIT AGREEMENT ONLY WHEN THE BASIS UPON WHICH IT IS TO BE PERFORMED HAS BEEN AGREED THROUGH:-
1. ESTABLISHING
WHETHER THE PRECONDITION FOR AN AUDIT ARE PRESENT AND
2. CONFIRMING
THAT THERE IS COMMON UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN AUDITOR AND MANAGEMENT AND WHERE
APPROPRIATE THOSE CHARGED WITH GOVERNANCE OF THE TERMS OF THE AUDIT ENGAGEMENT.
Monday, August 19, 2019
Sunday, August 18, 2019
NEWS PAPER ANALYSIS FOR COMPETITIVE EXAM
•
NEWS PAPER ANALYSIS
7 TH AUGUST TO 9TH THE AUGUST
THE HINDU AND ECONOMIC TIMES
7 TH AUGUST TO 9TH THE AUGUST
THE HINDU AND ECONOMIC TIMES
•
DR. SHASHI AGGARWAL
•
CONSUMER PROTECTION BILLS GETS RS GREEN LIGHT (
THE HINDU 7 TH AUGUST ,2019)
Saturday, August 17, 2019
LEARN JOURNAL ENTRY WITH IN FIVE MINUTES PART 5 PLUS ONE ACCOUNT/CA/CS FOUNDATION ACCOUNTS
- TREATMENT OF DEPRECIATION
- WITH THE HELP OF FIXED ASSETS,
BUSINESS IS CARRIED ON. LIKE BUILDING,PLANT MACHINERY ETC
- DEPRECIATION IS THE WEAR AND TEAR OF THE ASSETS
- PERMANENT DECREASE IN THE VALUE OF THE ASSET
- DEPRECIATION IS TREATED AS BUSINESS EXPENDITURE
- DEPRECIATION IS DEBITED AND VALUE OF THE ASSET IS CREDITED
Friday, August 16, 2019
MODIGLIANI AND MILLER APPROACH THEORY OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE
- THEORIES OF
CAPITAL STRUCTURE ( M&M HYPOTHESIS)
- FINANCIAL
MGMT
- MODIGLIANI AND MILLER APPROACH
- THEORY OF IRRELEVANCE ( IN THE ABSENCE OF TAXES)
- THEORY OF RELEVANCE ( IN THE PRESENCE OF TAXES)
NATURE AND SCOPE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
- NATURE AND
SCOPE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
NET COMMERCE/NET MANAGEMENT - FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
- MEANING OF FINANCIAL
- IT WAS A BRANCH OF ECONOMICS TILL 1890 AND AS A SEPARATE DISCIPLINE IT
IS OF RECENT ORIGIN, STILL IT HAS NO
UNIQUE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE OF ITS OWN AND DRAWS HEAVILY ON ECONOMICS
FOR ITS THEORETICAL CONCEPTS EVEN TODAY.
- THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO THE FINANCE FUNCTION RELATES TO THE INITIAL STAGES OF ITS EVOLUTION DURING 1920 AND 1930.(CORPORATION FINANCE) . ACCORDING TO THIS APPROACH,THE SCOPE OF FINANCE FUNCTION WAS CONFINED TO ONLY PROCUREMENT OF FUNDS NEEDED BY BUSINESS ON MOST SUITABLE TERMS AND THE UTILIZATION OF FUNDS WAS CONSIDERED BEYOND THE PURVIEW OF THE FINANCE FUNCTION.
Thursday, August 15, 2019
TRADITIONAL APPROACH OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE
TRADITIONAL APPROACH OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE FOR
NET COMMERCE/MANAGEMENT
THEORY OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE
THEORY OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE
Wednesday, August 14, 2019
ALTERATION OF ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION COMPANIES ACT 2013
- COMPANY LAW 2013
- ALTERATION OF ARTICLES
- ALTERATION OF AOA SECTION 14
- A COMPANY HAS STATUTORY RIGHT TO ALTER ITS ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
- ANY REGULATION DEPRIVING THIS RIGHT IS INVALID
- FOR EXAMPLE A PROVISIONS IN THE ARTICLES THAT NO ALTERATION OF THE
ARTICLE WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF THE A IS CONTRARY TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE
COMPANIES ACT AND INVALID
- A CO CAN NOT REPLACE ITS ARTICLES, ONLY THE REGULATIONS CONTAINED IN
THE ARTICLES
- COMPANY CAN ALTER ITS ARTICLES BY WAY OF ADDITION,DELETION,MODIFICATION,SUBSTITUTION OR IN ANY OTHER WAY ONLY IF WANTS
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN CONDUCTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
•
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN CONDUCTING
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOR NET MANAGEMENT FOR NET MANAGEMENT
•
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND
SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
Tuesday, August 13, 2019
MEANING AND CONTENTS OF ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
- MEANING AND CONTENT OF ARTICLES OF
ASSOCIATION
- COMPANY LAW
2013/CORPORATE LEGAL FRAMEWORK
- MEANING OF THE
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
- IS THE SECOND
MOST IMPORTANT DOCUMENT WHICH IN
CASE OF THE SOME COMPANIES HAS TO BE REGISTERED ALONG WITH MOA
- CONTAINS THE
RULES,REGULATIONS AND BYE LAWS FOR THE INTERNAL MANAGEMENT OR REGULATIONS
OF THE AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY
- FRAMED WITH THE
OBJECT OF CARRYING OUT THE AIMS AND OBJECTS SET OUT IN THE MEMORANDUM OF
ASSOCIATION
- DEFINITION
- ACCORDING TO
SECTION 2(5) OF THE COMPANIES ACT 2013,” ARTICLES MEANS THE ARTICLES OF
ASSOCIATION OF A COMPANY AS ORIGINALLY FRAMED OR AS ALTERED FROM TIME TO
TIME IN PURSUANCE OF ANY PREVIOUS COMPANIES LAW OR OF THIS ACT.
- STATES THE
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE MEMBERS OF THE COMPANY
- POWERS OF THE
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF THE COMPANY
- DETERMINE THE
RELATIONS BETWEEN COMPANY AND THE MEMBERS
- ALSO DETERMINE
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE SHAREHOLDERS THEMSELVES
- LAYS DOWN THE
MODE AND MANNER IN WHICH THE BUSINESS IS TO BE CONDUCTED
- MUST NOT
VIOLATE THE PROVISIONS OF THEIR MOA
- ARTICLES PRESCRIBING REGULATIONS
- SECTION 5 OF
THE COMPANIES ACT 2013 PROVIDES THAT :
- CONTAIN THE
REGULATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY
- ALSO CONTAIN
SUCH MATTERS AS PRESCRIBED
- MAY CONTAIN THE
PROVISIONS FOR ENTRENCHMENT TO THE EFFECT THAT SPECIFIED PROVISIONS OF THE
ARTICLES MAY BE ALTERED IF CONDITIONS OR PROCEDURES ARE RESTRICTIVE THAN THOSE APPLICABLE IN THE
CASE OF SPECIAL RESOLUTION ARE MET OR COMPLIED WITH
- ARTICLES PRESCRIBING
REGULATIONS
- THE PROVISIONS FOR ENTRENCHMENT ONLY MADE AT THE EITHER AT THE
FORMATION OF THE COMPANY/AMENDMENT IN THE ARTICLES AGREE TO BY ALL IN THE
PRIVATE COMPANY OR BY SPECIAL RESOLUTION IN THE CASE OF PUBLIC COMPANY.
- THE ARTICLES OF THE COMPANY SHALL BE IN RESPECTIVE FORM SPECIFIED
IN TABLES F,G,H,I,J IN SCHEDULE I AS THE CASE MAY BE
- A COMPANY MAY ADOPT ALL OR ANY OF THE REGULATIONS CONTAINED IN THE
MODEL ARTICLES APPLICABLE TO SUCH COMPANY
- NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL APPLY TO THE ARTICLES OF THE COMPANY
REGISTERED UNDER ANY PREVIOUS COMPANY LAW UNLESS AMENDED BY THIS SECTION
- CONTENTS OF THE
AOA
- NAME OF THE
COMPANY
- NUMBER AND
VALUE OF THE SHARES AND DIFFERENT CLASSES OF SHAREHOLDERS
- RULES REGARDING
THE RIGHTS OF DIFFERENT CLASSES OF SHAREHOLDERS
- PROCEDURE FOR
MAKING THE CALLS
- RULES REGARDING
TRANSFER AND TRANSMISSION OF SHARES,FORFEITURES ETC
- RULES REGARDING
THE APPOINTMENT,REMUNERATION,POWER AND DUTIES OF THE DIRECTORS AND
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY
- APPOINTMENT OF
THE MANAGER
- APPOINTMENT OF
THE SECRETARY
- RULES REGARDING
THE NOTICE OF THE MEETING,VOTING RIGHTS,QUORUM,POLL AND PROXY ETC OF THE
SHAREHOLDERS
- RULES REGARDING
THE AUDIT OF ACCOUNTS,TRANSFER TO RESERVE,DECLARATION OF DIVIDEND
- RULES REGARDING
THE BORROWING POWERS OF THE COMPANY AND THE MODE OF BORROWING
- CONTENTS OF THE
AOA
- RULES REGARDING
THE ISSUE OF THE SHARE CERTIFICATES
- RULES REGARDING
THE MAINTENANCE OF THE BOOKS OF ACCOUNT AND DIFFERENT KIND OF REGISTERS
- RULES REGARDING
REORGANIZATION OF SHARE CAPITAL
- DIVIDEND AND
RESERVES
- CAPITALIZATION
OF THE PROFITS
- RULES REGARDING
THE WINDING UP THE COMPANY
- ARTICLES OF
ASSOCIATION
- U/S 5(1),7(1)
OF THE COMPANIES ACT 2013,IT IS COMPULSORY FOR EVERY COMPANY TO HAVE ITS
OWN ARTICLES AND FILE THE SAME WITH ROC
- MODEL FORM OF
ARTICLES :-
- SCHEDULE I TO
THE ACT GIVES VARIOUS MODEL FORM OF MOA AND AOA OF VARIOUS TYPES OF
COMPANIES
- THE SCHEDULE IS
DIVIDED INTO TABLES WHICH SERVE AS A MODEL FOR THE VARIOUS COMPANIES
- ARTICLES OF
PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANY
- A PRIVATE
LIMTED MUST HAVE ARTICLES OF ITS OWN WHICH MUST CONTAIN THE RESTRICTIONS
PROVIDED IN SECTION 2( 68 ) OF THE COMPANIES ACT 2013.
- RESTRICTING THE
RIGHT TO TRANSFER THE SHARES
- EXCEPT IN CAS
OF ONE PERSON COMPANY LIMITS THE NUMBER OF MEMBERS TO 200
- PROHIBITS ANY
INVITATION TO THE PUBLIC TO SUBSCRIBE FOR ANY SECURITIES
- PRIVATE COMPANY
HAVE LIBERTY TO ADOPT ALL OR ANY OF THE REGULATION CONTAINED IN TABLE F
- AOA OF A PUBLIC
LIMITED BY SHARES
- SECTION 5(7 )
PROVIDES THAT A COMPANY MAY ADOPT ALL OR ANY OF THE REGULATIONS CONTAINED
IN THE MODEL ARTICLES APPLICABLE TO SUCH COMPANY
- A COMPANY MAY
EITHER:
- FORMULATE AND REGISTER ARTICLES OF ITS OWN WITH IN
THE PROVISIONS OF THE ACT AND MOA
- ADOPT ALL OR
ANY OF THE REGULATIONS CONTAINED IN THE MODEL ARTICLES TABLE F
- MUST HAVE THEIR
OWN AOA:-
- UNLIMITED CO
- CO LIMITED BY
GUARANTEE
- PVT COMPANIES
LTD BY SHARES
- A PUBLIC LTD
MAY HAVE ITS OWN AOA IF IT DOES NOT HAVE IT MAY ADOPT F TABLE
- TABLE G—AOA OF
CO LTD BY GUARANTEE AND HAVING SHARE CAPITAL
- TABLE H—AOA OF
CO LTD BY GUARANTEE AND NOT HAVING SHARE CAPITAL
- TABLE I—AOA OF
AN UNLIMITED COMPANY AND HAVING SHARE CAPITAL
- TABLE J—AOA OF
AN UNLIMITED CO AND NOT HAVING SHARE CAPITAL
- PRINTING AND
SIGNING OF ARTICLES
( SECTION 7 ( 1)(a)
·
MUST BE PRINTED,DIVIDED INTO PARAGRAPH AND
NUMBER CONSECUTIVELY
·
MUST BE SIGNED BY EACH SUBSCRIBER TO THE MEMORANDUM IN THE PRESENCE OF AT LEAST ONE WITNESS
·
PRINTED ON COMPUTER LASER PRINTER SHOULD BE
ACCEPTED
- EFFECT OF
MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES
- SECTION 10
- SUBJECT TO THE
PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT WHEN REGISTERED BIND THE COMPANY AND MEMBERS
- ALL MONIES
PAYABLE BY ANY OF THE MEMBERS BECOMES DEBT DUE FROM HIM TO THE COMPANY
- ALTERATION OF
AOA SECTION 14
- A COMPANY HAS
STATUTORY RIGHT TO ALTER ITS ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
- ANY REGULATION
DEPRIVING THIS RIGHT IS INVALID
- FOR EXAMPLE A
PROVISIONS IN THE ARTICLES THAT NO ALTERATION OF THE ARTICLE WITHOUT THE
CONSENT OF THE A IS CONTRARY TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE COMPANIES ACT AND
INVALID
- A CO CAN NOT
REPLACE ITS ARTICLES, ONLY THE REGULATIONS CONTAINED IN THE ARTICLES
- ALTERATION
- BY PASSING
SPECIAL RESOLUTION
- A COPY OF
SPECIAL RESOLUTION HAS TO BE FILED WITH IN THIRTY DAYS TO ROC
- EVERY
ALTERATION MADE IN MOA OR AOA SHALL BE NOTED IN EVERY COPY OF MOA OR AOA
- ANY DEFAULT IN
COMPLYING WITH THE PROVISIONS THE COMPANY AND
EVERY OFFICER IN DEFAULT WILL BE LIABLE TO A PENALTY OF 1000 RUPEES FOR
EVERY COPY OF MOA OR AOA ISSUED
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