Tuesday, April 30, 2019

AUTONOMOUS INVESTMENT VS INDUCED INVESTMENT MACRO ECONOMICS

PROBABILITY BASIC CONCEPTS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

SUPERMACY OF MAJORITY AND PROTECTION OF MINORITY 1 COMPANY LAW 2013

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MONOPOLY AND MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION

BASIC CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY


  • PROBABILITY
    BUSINESS STATISTICS
    RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • INTRODUCTION

SUPREMACY OF MAJORITY AND PROTECTION OF MINORITY 1


  • SUPREMACY OF MAJORITY AND PROTECTION OF MINORITY 1
    COMPANY LAW 2013
    MAJORITY POWERS AND MINORITY RIGHTS
  1. THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE COMPANY IS VESTED WITH BOD AND OTHER OFFICIALS WHO ARE ANSWERABLE TO THE SHAREHOLDERS
  2. IN ALL MEETINGS THE RESOLUTIONS/DECISIONS TAKEN BY THE MAJORITY IS FINAL AND BINDING ON ALL
  3. SOMETIMES THE MAJORITY MAY VIEW AFFECT THE INTERESTS OF THE SHAREHOLDERS
  4. MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS CAN PROTECT THEIR INTERESTS THROUGH LAW
  5. THE AIM OF THE COMPANY LAW MUST BE TO STRIKE A BALANCE BETWEEN THE EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF THE COMPANY LAW AND THE INTERESTS OF THE SMALL INDIVIDUAL SHAREHOLDERS
  6. THE PROTECTION OF THE MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COMPANY LAW

Saturday, April 27, 2019

ABSORPTION OF OVERHEAD 1 COST ACCOUNTING

CRITERIA AND QUALITIES OF OF A GOOD RESEARCH

RESEARCH METHODS VS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

DEFINITION AND NATURE OF SHARES


  • DEFINITION AND NATURE OF SHARES
    COMPANY LAW
  • MEANING OF SHARE

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

BUY BACK OF SHARES UPDATED COMPANY LAW

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION


  • DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
    COMPANY LAW 2013
  • MEANING

Friday, April 26, 2019

RIGHTS OF UNPAID SELLER BUSINESS LAW

NETWORK MARKETING

SAMPLING ERROR VS NON SAMPLING ERRORS

BAUMOL'S MODEL : OPTIMUM CASH BALANCE UNDER CERTAINTY

BAUMOL'S MODEL OF OPTIMUM CASH BALANCE UNDER CERTAINTY






  • BAUMOL’S MODEL
    OPTIMUM CASH BALANCE UNDER CERTAINTY
    CASH MANAGEMENT

    WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
  • FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
  • OPTIMUM CASH BALANCE

NETWORKING MARKETING


·               NETWORK MARKETING
MARKETING


  • INTRODUCTION
  1. ALSO CALLED MULTI –LEVEL MARKETING (MLM)/PYRAMID SELLING/REFERRAL MARKETING. CARL REHNBORG IS THE INVENTOR OF NETWORKING MARKETING
  2. IS A BUSINESS MODEL WHICH INVOLVES A PYRAMID STRUCTURED NETWORK OF PEOPLE WHO SELL A COMPANY’S PRODUCTS.
  3. THE PARTICIPANTS IN THIS NETWORK ARE USUALLY REMUNERATED ON A COMMISSION BASIS
  4. PEOPLE IN THE NETWORK GET COMMISSION AS THEY PERFORM A SPECIFIC TASK:-
  5. MAKE A SALE OF A PRODUCT
  6. THEIR RECRUITS MAKE A SALE OF THE PRODUCT

SAMPLING ERRORS VS NON SAMPLING ERRORS


     SAMPLING ERROR VS NON SAMPLING ERROR
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

     TYPES OF ERRORS
1.       SAMPLING ERRORS: IS ONE WHICH OCCURS DUE TO UNREPRESENTATIVE OF THE SAMPLE SELECTED FOR OBSERVATION
2.       NON SAMPLING ERRORS: IS AN ERROR ARISE FROM HUMAN ERROR SUCH AS ERROR IN PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION,METHODS OR PROCEDURES USED ETC

RIGHTS OF UNPAID SELLER


  RIGHTS OF UNPAID SELLER
  BUSINESS LAW/COMMERCIAL LAW
  LAW OF SALE OF GOODS
  MEANING OF UNPAID SELLER 

Thursday, April 25, 2019

PHILLIPS CURVE MACRO ECONOMICS

EX ANTE INVESTMENT VS EX POST INVESTMENT MACRO ECONOMICS

DOMESTIC BUSINESS VS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

DOMESTIC BUSINESS VS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

VIRAL MARKETING

VIRAL MARKETING


  • VIRAL MARKETING
    MARKETING

  • MEANING OF VIRAL MARKETING

DOMESTIC BUSINESS VS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS


  • DOMESTIC BUSINESS VS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

    INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
  • DIFFERENCE
  • DOMESTIC

EX-ANTE INVESTMENT VS EX-POST INVESTMENT


  • EX-ANTE INVESTMENT VS EX-POST INVESTMENT
  • MACRO ECONOMICS


  • MEANING OF EX –ANTE INVESTMENT
  1. ALSO KNOWN AS INTENDED OR PLANNED OR VOLUNTARY INVESTMENT:
  2. EX-ANTE MEANS PLANNED. THE AMOUNT OF INVESTMENT WHICH FIRMS PLANS TO INVEST AT DIFFERENT LEVEL OF INCOME IN THE ECONOMY
  3. WHEN THE ENTREPRENEUR MAKES INVESTMENT ACCORDING TO DEFINITE PLAN IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE A GIVEN OBJECTIVE
  4. WHICH IS MADE VOLUNTARY
  5. CAUSES OF PLANNED INVESTMENT:-
  6. ANTICIPATION OF INCREASE IN DEMAND AND MAKE EX-ANTE INVESTMENT TO MEET THE DEMAND AND MAKE PROFIT
  7. MAKING OF INVESTMENT FOR REDUCING THE COST OF PRODUCTION
  8. WHEN GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY TO ACHIEVE A SET TARGET OF EMPLOYMENT OR ECONOMIC GROWTH IT IS CALLED VOLUNTARY INVESTMENT

  • EX-POST INVESTMENT
  1. ALSO KNOWN AS UNINTENED OR UNPLANNED OR INVOLUNTARY
  2. EX POST MEANS ACTUAL INVESTMENT. REFERS TO ACTUAL INVESTMENT IN AN ECONOMY
  3. THE INVESTMENT IS MADE INVOLUNTARY
  4. MANY TIMES ON ACCOUNT OF FALL IN DEMAND,STOCK OF GOODS ACCUMULATE WITH THE ENTREPRENEUR
  5. THESE STOCKS ACCUMULATES AGAINST THEIR WILL
  6. ACTUAL INVESTMENT MADE BY ENTRPRENEUR IS CALLED EX-POST INVESTMENT

  • DIFFERENCE
  • PLANNED INVESTMENT IS THE INVESTMENT WHICH IS DESIRED TO BE MADE BY THE FIRMS AND PLANNERS IN THE ECONOMY DURING A PARTICULAR PERIOD IN THE BEGINNING OF THE PERIOD
  • IT IS AMOUNT OF PLANNED INVESTMENT GIVEN BY INVESTMENT DEMAND FUNCTION
  • EX-POST INVESTMENT IS MEASURED AFTER THE FACT.
  • ACTUAL INVESTMENT = PLANNED INVESTMENT PLUS UNPLANNED INVESTMENT



CAUSES OF INFLATION AND GOVERNMENT MEASURE TO CONTROL THE INFLATION


  • TREND IN PRICES AND INFLATION 2
    CAUSES OF INFLATION AND GOVERNMENT MEASURES TO CONTROL INFLATION
    MACRO ECONOMICS

  • CAUSES OF INFLATION

HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM ( HRIS)


·         HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM
·         HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
·         HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM(HRIS)
1.       SYSTEM DESIGNED TO SUPPLY INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR THE EFFECTIVE MGMT OF THE ORGANIZATION.
2.       COMPUTERIZED HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM:-A COMPUTERIZED HRIS IS DESIGNED TO MONITOR,CONTROL AND INFLUENCE THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE FROM  THE TIME THEY JOIN THE ORGANIZATION TILL THE TIME THEY SEPARATE FROM THE ORGANIZATION.
3.       A HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM(HRIS) IS A SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE FOR GATHERING ,STORING,MAINTAINING,RETRIEVING AND REVISING HUMAN RESOURCE DATA.
4.       HRIS IS A SOFTWARE SOLUTION TO PERFORM HR FUNCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION

  DEFINITION
 TANNENBAUM,” HRIS AS A TECHNOLOGY BASED SYSTEM USED TO ACQUIRE, STORE, MANIPULATE, ANALYSE, RETRIEVE, DISTRIBUTE PERTINENT INFORMATION REGARDING AN ORGANIZATION’S HUMAN RESOURCES.

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

MEANING OF RESEARCH AND RESEARCH PROCESS

ADVERTISEMENT EFFECTIVENESS

MEANING OF RESEARCH AND RESEARCH PROCESS


´  MEANING OF RESEARCH AND RESEARCH PROCESS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

´  MEANING OF RESEARCH
  1. DICTIONARY DEFINITION OF RESEARCH IS A CAREFUL INVESTIGATION OR INQUIRY SPECIALLY THROUGH SEARCH FOR NEW FACTS IN ANY BRANCH OF KNOWLEDGE.
  2. IN SIMPLE WORDS WE CAN SAY RESEARCH REFERS TO SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE.
  3. RESEARCH IS ART OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION.
  4. CLIFFORD WOODY,” RESEARCH COMPRISES DEFINING ,REDEFINING PROBLEMS,FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS OR SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS,COLLECTING,ORGANIZING AND EVALUATING DATA,MAKING DECISIONS AND REACHING CONCLUSIONS AND AT LAST CAREFULLY TESTING THE CONCLUSIONS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY FIT THE FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS.

Monday, April 22, 2019

MEANING ,TYPES OF INFLATION INDIAN ECONOMY/MACRO ECONOMICS

CHANNEL CONFLICT MARKETING

INVESTMENT ALTERNATIVES 1

RETENTION STRATEGY HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

INVESTMENT ALTERNATIVES 1


  • INVESTMENT ALTERNATIVES 1
    FUNDAMENTAL OF INVESTMENT
    SECURITY ANALYSIS AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
  • MEANING
  • INVESTMENT IS THE EMPLOYMENT OF FUND WITH THE AIM OF ACHIEVING ADDITIONAL INCOME OR GROWTH IN VALUE, INVESTMENT INVOLVE WAITING FOR REWARD,IT INVOLVES THE COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES WHICH HAVE BEEN SAVED OR PUT AWAY FROM CURRENT CONSUMPTION IN THE HOPE THAT SOME BENEFIT WILL ACCRUE.
  1. INVESTOR INVEST THEIR SURPLUS MONEY INTO VARIOUS AVAILABLE ALTERNATIVES AS PER THEIR RISK APPETITE AND AVAILABLE FUNDS.
  2. RISK AVERSE INVESTOR PREFER TO INVEST IN SAFE AVENUE FROM WHERE THEY GET REGULAR FIXED INCOME
  3. RISK TAKING INVESTOR PREFER TO INVEST IN STOCKS,DEBENTURES AND OTHER EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS TO EARN HIGHER RATE OF RETURN

CHANNEL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT


  • CHANNEL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
    MARKETING
    CHANNEL MANAGEMENT
    MEANING OF CHANNEL CONFLICT

RETENTION STRATEGY


  • RETENTION STRATEGY
    HUMAN RESOURCE 
    MANAGEMENT
  • RETENTION STRATEGIES
  1. REFERS TO POLICIES AND PLANS THAT ORGANIZATION FOLLOW TO REDUCE EMPLOYEE TURNOVER AND ATTRITION AND ENSURE EMPLOYEES ARE ENGAGED AND PRODUCTIVITY LONG TERM
  2. EMPLOYEE RETENTION IS A PROCESS IN WHICH THE EMPLOYEE ARE ENCOURAGED TO REMAIN WITH THE ORGANIZATION FOR MAXIMUM PERIOD OF TIME OR UNTIL THE COMPETITION OF THE PROJECT. EMPLOYEE RETENTION IS BENEFICIAL FOR THE ORGANIZATION AS WELL AS THE EMPLOYEE

PHILLIPS CURVE


  • PHILLIPS CURVE
    MACRO ECONOMICS
    INFLATION
    INTRODUCTION

Sunday, April 21, 2019

ADVERTISEMENT EFFECTIVENESS 1: PRE TESTING METHODS


  • ADVERTISEMENT EFFECTIVENESS 1: PRE TESTING METHODS
    ADVERTISING AND SALES MANAGEMENT
  • MEANING OF ADVERTISEMENT EFFECTIVENESS
  1. TESTING OR EVALUATION OF AD EFFECTIVENESS REFERS TO THE MANAGERIAL EXERCISE AIMED AT RELATING THE ADVERTISING RESULTS TO THE ESTABLISHED STANDARD OF PERFORMANCE AND OBJECTIVES TO ASSESS THE REAL VALUE OF THE ADVERTISING PERFORMANCE
  2. EVALUATION EXERCISE IS ALSO KNOWN AS ADVERTISING RESEARCH WHICH IS TAKEN TO MEASURE THE WORTH OF ADVERTISEMENT.
  3. ATTEMPT TO KNOW WHETHER THE MESSAGE DESIGNED HAS REACHED THE GREATEST NUMBER OF PROSPECTS
  4. WHETHER IT HAS CREATED THE PROFIT MAXIMIZATION AND MAXIMIZATION TO THE SATISFACTION TO THE CONSUMER

MEANING,TYPES AND TREND OF INFLATION IN INDIA



  • TRENDS IN PRICES AND INFLATION 1
    MEANING AND TYPES OF INFLATION
    INDIAN ECONOMY
    MACRO ECONOMICS
    SHASHI AGGARWAL ECONOMICS AND LAW CLASSES
  • MEANING OF INFLATION
  1. A PERSISTENT RISE IN PRICES IS CALLED INFLATION.
  2. GREGORY,” INFLATION IS INCREASE IN THE QUANTITY OF PURCHASING POWER
  3. PETERSON,” THE WORD INFLATION IN THE BROADEST POSSIBLE SENSE REFERS TO ANY INCREASE IN THE GENERAL PRICE LEVEL WHICH IS SUSTAINED AN NON SEASONAL IN CHARACTER
  4. COULBOURN,” INFLATION IS THE STAGE OF TOO MUCH MONEY CHASING FEW GOODS.

Saturday, April 20, 2019

AUDIT EVIDENCE AUDITING

JOB DESCRIPTION VS JOB SPECIFICATION HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

BATCH COSTING


·         BATCH COSTING
COST ACCOUNTIN
G
·         MEANING
  1. ·         BATCH COSTING IS A FORM OF SPECIFIC ORDER COSTING
  2. ·         WHERE THE OUTPUT OF THE JOB CONSISTS OF HOMOGENEOUS UNITS,  A LOT OF SIMILAR UNITS MAY BE USED AS COST UNIT FOR ASCERTAINING COST ,SUCH LOT OR COLLECTION OF UNITS IS CALLED BATCH COSTING
  3. ·         SEPARATE COST SHEETS ARE MAINTAINED FOR EACH BATCH. EACH BATCH IS ASSIGNED A BATCH NUMBER.
  4. ·         COST PER UNIT=

·         = (TOTAL COST FOR THE BATCH)/(NO OF ITEMS IN THE BATCH)