PERFECT COMPETITION IN ENGLISH

PERFECT COMPETITION

•     PREFECT COMPETITION
MAIN FORMS OF MARKET
MICRO ECONOMICS/BUSINESS ECONOMICS

•     DR SHASHI AGGARWAL

•     MEANING

•     REFERS TO A MARKET SITUATION WHERE THERE IS LARGE NUMBER OF BUYERS AND SELLERS. THE SELLER SELL HOMOGENEOUS PRODUCT AT A UNIFORM PRICE . THE PRICE IS NOT DETERMINED BY THE FIRM BUT BY THE INDUSTRY.

•     LEFTWITCH,” PERFECT COMPETITION IS A MARKET IN WHICH THERE ARE MANY FIRMS SELLING IDENTICAL PRODUCTS WITH NO FIRM LARGE ENOUGH RELATIVE TO THE ENTIRE MARKET TO BE ABLE TO INFLUENCE MARKET PRICE.

•     MRS JOAN ROBINSON,” PERFECT COMPETTION PREVAILS WHEN THE DEMAND FOR THE OUTPUT OF EACH PRODUCER IS PERFECTLY ELASTIC.

NATURE AND SCOPE OF COST ACCOUNTING

  NATURE AND SCOPE OF COST ACCOUNTING
COST ACCOUNTING

  DR. SHASHI AGGARWAL( MBA,ACS,MA IN ECONOMICS)

  NEED OF COST ACCOUNTING

1.       COST ACCOUNTING HAS BEEN BASICALLY DEVELOPED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF MGMT. MODERN MGMT NEEDS MUCH MORE DETAILED INFORMATION BESIDES PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT AND BALANCE SHEET.

2.       COST ACCOUNTING PROVIDES DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT EVERY ELEMENTS OF COST TO THE MANAGEMENT. THE INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY THE COST ACCOUNTING ACTS AS A MGMT TOOL FOR DECISION MAKING FOR THE ORGANIZATION,OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF SCARCE RESOURCES,CONTRIBUTING PROFITABILITY OF BUSINESS BY CONTROLLING EXPENDITURE UNDER VARIOUS HEADS.

DOCTRINE OF ULTRA VIRES

   DOCTRINE OF ULTRA VIRES
COMPANY LAW

   DR SHASHI AGGARWAL

   DOCTRINE OF ULTRA VIRES

   A COMPANY HAS THE POWER TO DO ALL SUCH THINGS AS ARE:-

1.       AUTHORIZED TO BE DONE BY COMPANIES ACT 2013

2.       ESSENTIAL TO THE ATTAINMENT OF ITS OBJECTS SPECIFIED IN MOA

3.       REASONABLY AND FAIRLY INCIDENTAL TO ITS OBJECTS

4.       THE OBJECT CLAUSE REQUIRES THAT THE COMPANY SHOULD DEVOTE ITSELF ONLY TO THE OBJECTS SET OUT IN THE MEMORANDUM AND TO NO OTHERS

5.       MEMORANDUM IS THE AREA BEYOND WHICH A COMPANY CANNOT TRAVEL

EVOLUTION OF MONEY

EVOLUTION OF MONEY

 EVOLUTION OF MONEY

MACRO ECONOMICS

DR SHASHI AGGARWAL

   MEANING OF MONEY

1.       THE TERM MONEY IN ENGLISH IS DERIVED FROM LATIN WORD “ MONETA” WHICH IS THE OTHER NAME OF ROMAN GODDESS JUNO

2.       FIRST REGULAR MINT WAS SET UP IN THE ROME IN THE TEMPLE OF THE GODDESS JUNO OR MONETA

3.       THE EARLY ROMAN COINS BORE ON ONE SIDE THE HEAD OF THE GODDESS WITH HER NAME MONETA

4.       GRADUALLY THE NAME MONEY PASSED ON TO THE PRODUCT OF THE MINT AFTER THE NAME OF THE GODDESS

5.       MONEY CAN NOT BE DESCRIBED ON   THE BASIS OF THE MATTER IT IS MADE AFTER THE NAME OF THE GODDESS

6.       MONEY CAN NOT BE DESCRIBED ON THE BASIS OF THE MATTER IT IS MADE OF

CONCEPT OF REVENUE ( RELATION BETWEEN TR,AR AND MR)

MISSION STATEMENT VS VISION STATEMENT IN ENGLISH

MISSION AND VISION STATEMENTS

•     MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT/BUSINESS POLICY

•     DR. SHASHI AGGARWAL

v    MEANING AND DEFINITION OF VISION

•     VISION STATEMENT DESCRIBES THE DESIRED FUTURE POSITION OF COMPANY.IT COMMUNICATES ABOUT YOUR LONG GOALS. IT IS VIVID AND MENTAL IMAGE OF WHAT YOU WANT YOUR BUSINESS TO BE AT SOME POINT OF TIME,BASED ON YOUR GOALS AND ASPIRATIONS.

•     A VISION STATEMENT IS A COMPANY’S ROAD MAP INDICATING WHAT THE COMPANY WANTS TO BECOME IN FUTURE AND PROVIDES DIRECTION  FOR THE COMPANY’S GROWTH

•     VISION FOCUSES ON WHAT DO WE WANT TO BECOME

METHODS OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT 1 ( ON THE JOB TRAINING)

MONETARY POLICY AND STABILIZATION MACRO ECONOMICS

MONETARY POLICY AND STABILIZATION

• MONETARY POLICY AND STABILIZATION
  ROLE OF MONETARY POLICY
• MACRO ECONOMICS
• DR SHASHI AGGARWAL
• MONETARY POLICY
• MONETARY POLICY REFERS TO THAT POLICY WHICH THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF THE COUNTRY CONTROLS

1. THE SUPPLY OF MONEY
2. AVAILABILITY OF MONEY
3. COST OF MONEY OR RATE OF INTEREST

TEACHING APTITUDE 4 NET PAPER 1

CONCEPT OF REVENUE-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TR,AR AND MR

• CONCEPT OF REVENUE 1
  RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AR,MR AND TR
• DR SHASHI AGGARWAL
• MICRO/MANAGERIAL /CA/CS FOUNDATION BUSINESS ECONOMICS
• MEANING OF REVENUE
• BY SELLING A COMMODITY WHATEVER MONEY A FIRM RECEIVES IS CALLED REVENUE
• DOOLEY : THE REVENUE OF THE FIRM IS ITS SALE RECEIPT OR MONEY RECEIPT FROM THE SALE OF THE PRODUCT
• CONCEPTS OF REVENUE :

TEACHING APTITUDE 3 NET PAPER 1

MEANING AND CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC EXPEDNITURE PUBLIC FINANCE

MEANING AND CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE

MEANING AND CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE

  PUBLIC FINANCE

  SHASHI AGGARWAL ECONOMICS AND LAW CLASSES

INTRODUCTION

1.       PUBLIC EXPENDITURE IS THE EXPENDITURE INCURRED BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIES-CENTRAL, STATE AND LOCAL EITHER FOR THE SATISFACTION OF COLLECTIVE NEEDS OF THE CITIZEN FOR PROMOTING O ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL WELFARE. THE VOLUME OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE HAS BEEN INCREASING IN ALMOST ALL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD.

2.       IN THE 17 AND 18 THE CENTURIES PUBLIC EXPENDITURE WAS CONSIDERED AS WASTAGE. SPEND ONLY ON DEFENCE AND MAINTAIN LAW AND ORDER

3.       IN THE 20 THE CENTURY, J.M KEYNES ARGUED THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE.

ROLE OF PUBLIC FINANCE IN ENGLISH

ROLE OF PUBLIC FINANCE

◦     ROLE OF PUBLIC FINANCE
ENGLISH
SHASHI AGGARWAL ECONOMICS AND LAW CLASSES

◦     ROLE OF PUBLIC FINANCE IN DEVELOPING AN ECONOMY

1.     EARLIER THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT WAS NOT TO INTERFERE WITH THE WORKING OF THE  MARKET FORCES BUT ONLY TO MAINTAIN ITSELF AND TO CREATE NECESSARY ADMINISTRATIVE,JUDICIAL AND POLICE SET UP.

2.     BUT THE STUDY OF PUBLIC FINANCE IS ACQUIRING AN IMPORTANT PLACE IN THE MODERN

TEACHING APTITUDE 2 NET PAPER 1

TEACHING APTITUDE 2 NET PAPER 1

◦     TEACHING APTITUDE 2
NET PAPER 1

◦     DR. SHASHI AGGARWAL

◦     ATTITUDE/APTITUDE

1.     APTITUDE IS A COMPONENT OF COMPETENCY TO DO CERTAIN KIND OF WORK AT CERTAIN LEVEL

2.     APTITUDE IS ABILITY/TALENT

3.     APTITUDE MAY BE PHYSICAL OR MENTAL

4.     ATTITUDE IS POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE FEELING TOWARDS A PERSON/OBJECT/EVENT OR IDEA

5.     ATTITUDE IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHARACTER OR VIRTUES

6.     APTITUDE IS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPETENCE

◦     TEACHING APTITUDE

#TEACHING APTITUDE 1 NET PAPER 1

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT VS FOREIGN PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT

FOREIGN PORTFOLIO VS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

•     FOREIGN PORTFOLIO VS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

•     INTERNATIONAL FINANCE/INTERNATIONAL TRADE

NET MANAGEMENT /COMMERCE

•     DR SHASHI AGGARWAL

•     MEANING OF FOREIGN  INVESTMENT

1.       FOREIGN INVESTMENT IS INVESTING IN A COUNTRY OTHER THAN HOME ONE

2.       IT INVOLVES CAPITAL FLOWING FROM ONE COUNTRY TO ANOTHER AND FOREIGNERS HAVING OWNERSHIP OR  SAY IN BUSINESS

3.       FOREIGN INVESTMENT IS GENERALLY SEEN AS A CATALYST FOE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CAN BE UNDERTAKEN BY INSTITUTIONS, CORPORATION AND INDIVIDUALS.

4.       WHEN MAKING FOREIGN INVESTMENT :

1.       ECONOMIC FACTORS

2.       OTHER RISK FACTORS : POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND CURRENCY FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK

WHISTLE BLOWING 1

•WHISTLE BLOWING 1
BUSINESS ETHICS
NET MANAGEMENT

•     DR SHASHI AGGARWAL

•     MEANING AND INTRODUCTION OF WHISTLE BLOWING

1.       WHISTLE BLOWING INVOLVES CALLING PUBLIC ATTENTION TO THE WRONGDOING MAINLY IN ORDER TO AVERT HARM.

2.       ACT OF PUTTING THE SOCIETY ON ALERT ABOUT THE RISK INVOLVED

3.       WHISTLE BLOWING CAN BE EXPLAINED AS AN ACT OF CONFIDENTIAL DISCLOSURE OF AN INFORMATION BY PERSON ( WITH IN OR OUTSIDE AN ORGANIZATION ) WHICH IS OTHERWISE NOT ACCESSIBLE TO PUBLIC AND IS RELATED TO SOME ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION WHICH IS GENERALLY PUBLIC INTEREST

GENERAL NATURE OF #PARTNERSHIP

ANALYSIS OF THE HINDU AND ECONOMIC TIMES DATED 15 TH OCTOBER,2019

#REVISION SERIES 2 FOR CA #FOUNDATION BUSINESS LAW

ANALYSIS OF THE HINDU AND ECONOMIC TIMES DATED 14 TH OCTOBER,2019

REVISION SERIES 2 FOR CA FOUNDATION BUSINESS LAW

•     REVISION SERIES 2
PROBLEM IN CASES
CA FOUNDATION BUSINESS LAW

•     PROBLEM 1

•      A PROMISE TO CONTRIBUTE RS 5000 FOR REPAIRS OF TEMPLE. THE TRUSTEE OF  TEMPLE RELYING ON A ‘S PROMISE INCUR CERTAIN LIABILITIES. A LATER ON DOES NOT PAY THE AMOUNT CAN TRUSTEE TAKE ACTION AGAINST HIM.

NATURE AND SCOPE OF PUBLIC FINANCE

•    NATURE AND SCOPE OF PUBLIC FINANCE

PUBLIC FINANCE 

•    BY DR. SHASHI AGGARWAL ON THE YOU TUBE CHANNEL SHASHI AGGARWAL ECONOMICS AND LAW CLASSES

•    MEANING OF PUBLIC FINANCE

REVISION SERIES OF CA FOUNDATION LAW LECTURE 1

• REVISION  SERIES OF CA FOUNDATION LAW
  1
• DR SHASHI AGGARWAL
• PROBLEMS 1 IN THE FORM OF CASE

ANALYSIS OF INFORMAL SUMMIT BETWEEN PM MODI AND XI JINPIG

ANALYSIS OF INFROMAL SUMMIT BETWEEN CHINESE PREMIER XI JINPING AND PM NARENDRA MODI

•     ANALYSIS OF INFORMAL SUMMIT

•     TRADE BORDER DISPUTE LIKELY TO DOMINATE MODI-XI TALKS

1.       INFORMAL SUMMIT AT MAMALLAPURAM AS THE SEA SIDE RESORT ON OUTSKIRT OF CHENNAI

2.       MR XI WILL LAND IN CHENNAI PAST 2 PM ABOUT TWO HOURS AFTER MR MODI

3.       HEAD TO THE MAMALLAPURAM TEMPLE COMPLEX FOR AN EVENING WITH MR MODI

4.       TOUR OF THE MONUMENTS AND DANCE PERFORMANCE AT THE SHORE TEMPLE AT SUNSET FOLLOWED BY DINNER

5.       BOTH LEADERS WOULD BE RECEIVED BY TAMIL NADU GOVERNER BANIWARILAL PURHOIT AND CHIEF MINISTER EDAPPADI K PALANISWAMI,INDIAN AMBASSADOR TO CHINA VIKRAM MISTRI

LAW OF VARIABLE PROPORTION IN ENGLISH MICRO ECONOMICS

#MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND #FUNCTIONS

#RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN #AVERAGE COST AND MARGINAL #COST A VERY IMPORTANT...

ANALYSIS OF THE HINDU AND ECONOMIC TIMES DATED 10TH OCTOBER ,2019

ANALYSIS OF THE HINDU AND ECONOMIC TIMES DATED 10/10/2019

• NEWS PAPER ANALYSIS
  ANALYSIS OF THE HINDU AND ECONOMIC TIMES DATED 10/10/2019

• PAGE (1) THE HINDU: SLOW DOWN EFFECT MORE PRONOUNCED IN INDIA: IMF
• ET ( 9) SLOW DOWN IN INDIA MORE PRONOUNCED THIS YR :IMF MD

1. HAS FLAGGED MORE PRONOUNCED SLOW DOWN IN INDIA AS IT CALLED FOR A COORDINATED FISCAL RESPONSE TO ARREST THE SYNCHRONIZED SLOW DOWN
2. MD OF IMF :KRISTALINA GEORGIVEA : 90% OF THE WORLD IS LIKELY TO HAVE SLOWER GROWTH IN 2019,SIGNALLING OUT INDIA ALONG WITH BRAZIL
3. IN SOME OF THE LARGEST ECONOMIES SUCH AND INDIA AND BRAZIL : MORE PRONOUNCED THIS YEAR
4. IN CHINA GROWTH IS GRADUALLY COMING DOWN FROM THE RAPID PACE IT SAW FOR MANY

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AVERAGE COST AND MARGINAL COST

• RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AVERAGE COST AND MARGINAL COST
• MICRO ECONOMICS
• DR. SHASHI AGGARWAL
• AVERAGE COST

1. THE AVERAGE COST OF PRODUCTION IS THE  COST OF PRODUCTION PER UNIT OF OUTPUT
2. AC = TC/Q
3. AC= AFC +AVC
4. AVERAGE FIXED COST:- TFC/TQ
5. AVERAGE FIXED COST IS THE PER UNIT COST OF THE FIXED FACTOR OF PRODUCTION.

MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

• MANAGEMENT PROCESS
  &MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
  PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

• MANAGEMENT PROCESS

1. A PROCESS IS A SYSTEMATIC WAY OF DOING THINGS. CONCERNED WITH CONVERSION OF INPUTS INTO OUTPUT
2. MANAGEMENT IS A PROCESS WHICH BRINGS THE SCARCE HUMAN AND MATERIAL RESOURCES TOGETHER AND MOTIVATES PEOPLE FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF OBJECTIVES OF THE ORGANIZATION
3. MANAGEMENT IS ON GOING SERIES OF INTERRELATED ACTIVITIES

CREDIT RATING INFORMATION SERVICE LIMITED ( #CRISIL)

#THEORY OF #COST PART 1

ANALYSIS OF THE HINDU AND ECONOMIC TIMES DATED 9TH OCTOBER,2019

EDITORIAL ANALYSIS OF THE HINDU 7TH OCTOBER,2019

AGREEMENT IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE WITH CASES BUSINESS LAW

THEORY OF COST PART 1

• THEORY OF COST PART 1
• MICRO ECONOMICS
• BY DR. SHASHI
• COST OF PRODUCTION
• COST OF PRODUCTION IS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT. THE RELATION BETWEEN COST AND OUTPUT IS CALLED COST FUNCTION OR COST ANALYSIS.
• C=f(Q)
• COST OF PRODUCTION OF A COMMODITY MEANS THE PAYMENTS MADE TO THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION.
• COST ANALYSIS IS OF TWO TYPES:-

1. TRADITIONAL APPROACH OF COST CURVES
2. MODERN APPROACH OF COST