Saturday, November 30, 2019
घटती सीमांत उपयोगिता का नियम LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY
•
घटती सीमांत उपयोगिता का नियम
LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY• SHASHI AGGARWAL ECONOMICS
AND LAW CLASSES
•
घटती सीमांत उपयोगिता ( LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY)
• घटती सीमांत उपयोगिता
का नियम 19वीं शताब्दी के कई अर्थशास्त्र जैसे बेंथम, गोसेन, जेवनस मेजर तथा वायरस ने इस
नियम को विकसित करने के लिए उत्तरदाई है I जेवनस के साथ यह नियम WEBNER FECHNER मनोवैज्ञानिक नियम पर आधारित है
जिसके किसी वस्तु की मात्रा बढ़ने पर उसकी अतिरिक्त इकाइयों का महत्व कम होता जाता
है नव Iपरंपरावादी marshall अर्थशास्त्र चलने भी इस नियम की व्याख्या की है इस नियम को
गोसेन का प्रथम नियम कहा जाता है। GOSSEN ‘S FIRST LAW
Friday, November 29, 2019
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
- REVISION SERIES FOR NET MANAGEMENT /NET
COMMERCE/NET LABOUR WELFARE
- SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
·
MANAGEMENT AND
ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR LECTURE 1
S
- DR. SHASHI AGGARWAL
- INTRODUCTION
- HE WAS AN
AMERICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER WHO WAS BORN ON MARCH 20,1856,PHILADELPHIA IN
U.S
- HE DIED ON MARCH 21,1915 AGED 59 IN PHILADELPHIA
- HE IS KNOWN AS FATHER OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
- FIRST MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT AND HE WAS ALSO EFFICIENCY EXPERT
LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS
- LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS
COMPANY MANAGEMENT
COMPANY LAW 2013 - DR SHASHI AGAGRWAL
- CLASSIFICATION OF LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS
- CIVIL LIABILITY TO THE COMPANY AND TO THE THIRD PARTIES
- CRIMINAL LIABILITY
- CIVIL LIABILITY
- THE COMPANY :- DIRECTORS ARE THE AGENTS AND TRUSTEE OF THE COMPANY AND BREACH OF THESE DUTIES OR NEGLIGENCE IN PERFORMING THEM MAY MAKE THEM LIABLE TO THE COMPANY AND ITS SHAREHOLDERS. THEY MAY BECOME LIABLE FOR
NATURE AND SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN HINDI ( प्रबंधकीय लेखाकन प्रकृति तथा क्षेत्र )
·
NATURE AND SCOPE OF
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN HINDI
प्रबंधकीय लेखाकन प्रकृति तथा क्षेत्र
प्रबंधकीय लेखाकन प्रकृति तथा क्षेत्र
·
SHASHI AGGARWAL ECONOMICS
AND LAW CLASSES
·
MEANING OF MANAGEMENT
ACCOUNTING
·
प्रबंधकीय
लेखाकन का सबंध उन लेखाकन सूचनाओं से है
जो प्रबंध के लिए उपयोगी हैं सूचना के प्रस्तुतीकरण से संबंधित होता है। जिससे कि
वह प्रबंध तंत्र के लिए सहायक हो सके। प्रबंध नीति निर्धारण संबंधी निर्णय कुछ
सूचना के आधार पर लेता है प्रबंध की लेखाकन में वित्तीय INFORMATION को इस प्रकारलिपि बंद ,विश्लेषता और
प्रबंध के समक्ष प्रस्तुत किया जाता है तो यह नियोजन कार्य ,व्यवसायिक कार्य
को अधिक व्यवस्थित ढंग से संचालित करने में उपयोगी तथा सहायक बन जाता है।
PLANNING : MEANING, FEATURES,AND PROCESS
• # 5 PLANNING PART 1
PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT/BUSINESS STUDY/MPOB
PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT/BUSINESS STUDY/MPOB
• DR SHASHI AGGARWAL
1.
PLANNING IS THE BEGINNING OF THE PROCESS OF MGMT. IT IS
CONCERNED WITH THE DETERMINATION OF FUTURE COURSE OF ACTION IN ADVANCE TO
ACHIEVE THE DESIRED RESULTS. IT IS CONCERNED WITH THINKING BEFORE DOING AND
DECIDING IN ADVANCE WHAT IS TO BE DONE, HOW IS IT TO BE DONE, WHEN IS IT TO BE
DONE AND WHO IS TO DO IT.
2.
“PLANNING IS THE THINKING PROCESS, THE ORGANIZED
FORESIGHT, THE VISION BASED ON FACT AND EXPERIENCE THAT IS REQUIRED FOR
INTELLIGENT ACTION.
Thursday, November 28, 2019
Wednesday, November 27, 2019
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
उपयोगिता विश्लेषण पहला भाग ( UTILITY ANALYSIS) PART 1 IN HINDI
·
उपयोगिता विश्लेषण पहला भाग ( UTILITY ANALYSIS) PART 1
- उपयोगिता विश्लेषण संबंध में दो प्रश्न पैदा
होते हैं:
- पहला प्रश्न अब होता किसी वस्तु अतर से अथवा सेवा की मांग क्यों करता
है इसका उत्तर यह है कि उपभोक्ता इसलिए करता है क्योंकि उससे उससे उपयोगिता
प्राप्त होती है किसी पदार्थ की आवश्यकता संतुष्ट करने की शक्ति को उपयोगिता
कहा जाता है।
- दूसरा
प्रश्न ही है एक उपभोक्ता को अपनी निश्चित आए विभिन्न वस्तुओं तथा सेवाओं पर
किस प्रकार खर्च करनी चाहिए जिससे वह अधिकतम संतुष्टि प्राप्त कर सकें जिसको
उपभोक्ता का संतुलन भी कहते हैं I अर्थशास्त्रियों ने इस संबंध में तीन सिद्धांत
दिए हैं :
- गणना वाचक उपयोगिता विश्लेषण ( CARDINAL UTILITY ANALYSIS)
- क्रम वाचिक उपयोगिता विश्लेषण अथवा तटस्थता
वक्र विश्लेषण ( ORDINAL UTILITY ANALYSIS)
- प्रकट अधिमान विश्लेषण (REVEALED PREFERENCE ANALYSIS)
Monday, November 25, 2019
PERCEPTION 2 : FACTORS AFFETCING THE PERCEPTION
- PERCEPTION 2
- ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR
- FACTORS AFFECTING PERCEPTION
- CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERCIEVER
- CHARACTER OF THE PERCEIVED
- CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITUATION
ORGANIZATION JUSTICE
- ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE FOR NET PAPER 2 MANAGEMENT
- BY DR SHASHI AGGARWAL
- ORGANIZATION JUSTICE
- GREENBERG ( 1987) INTRODUCED THE CONCEPT OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE
WITH REGARD TO HOW AN EMPLOYEE JUDGES THE BEHAVIOR OF THE ORGANIZATION AND
THE EMPLOYEE’S RESULTING ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR
- REFERS TO EMPLOYEE’S PERCEPTION
OF THEIR ORGANIZATION BEHAVIORS,DECISIONS AND ACTIONS AND HOW THESE
INFLUENCE THE EMPLOYEE’S OWN ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR AT WORK.
- ORGANIZATION JUSTICE REFERS TO EMPLOYEE PERCEPTION OF FAIRNESS IN THE
WORKPLACE.
- CONCERNED WITH ALL MATTERS OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIOR,FROM TREATMENT BY
SUPERIORS TO PAY,ACCESS TO TRAINING AND GENDER EQUALITY.
- ORIGINALLY DERIVED FROM EQUITY THEORY WHICH SUGGEST INDIVIDUAL MAKES JUDGMENTS ON FAIRNESS BASED ON THE AMOUNT THEY GIVE INPUTS AS COMPARED TO THE AMOUNT THEY GET BACK ( OUTPUT)
Sunday, November 24, 2019
आधारभूत धारणाएं 2 BASIC CONCEPTS ( CLASSIFICATION OF WANTS) IN HINDI
- आधारभूत धारणाएं 2
( 4TH LECTURE)
BASIC CONCEPTS ( CLASSIFICATION OF WANTS)
MICRO ECONOMICS - शशि अग्रवाल अर्थशास्त्र तथा लो की क्लासेस
- DR SHASHI AGGARWAL ECONOMICS AND LAW CLASSES
- CLASSIFICATION OF WANTS (आवश्यकता का
वर्गीकरण )
- आवश्यकता का वर्गीकरण अर्थशास्त्रियों ने तीन
भागों में किया है
- अनिवार्य आवश्यकताएं : अनिवार्य आवश्यकताएं जिनकी संतुष्टि जीवित रहते कार्य क्षमता को बनाए रखने तथा समाज के रीति रिवाज का पालन करने के लिए जरूरी है जैसे भोजन कपड़ा मकान। अनिवार्य आवश्यकताएं तीन प्रकार के होते हैं
COMMUNICATION 6 FOR NET PAPER 1
- COMMUNICATION 6
NET PAPER 1
- THE SEVEN C’ OF COMMUNICATION
- THE FOUR S OF COMMUNICATION
- THE PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
AND THE ABC OF COMMUNICATION
- THE SEVEN C OF COMMUNICATION
- FIRST TEXT BOOK BY THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN
PROFESSOR SCOTT M.CUTLIP AND ALLEN H CENTRE “ EFFECTIVE PUBLIC RELATION”
IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC RELATION INTRODUCED THE SEVEN C’S OF COMMUNICATION.
- THE SEVEN 7 C’S OF COMMUNICATION IS A CHECKLIST THAT HELPS TO IMPROVE THE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION SKILL AND INCREASE THE CHANCE THAT THE MESSAGE WILL BE UNDERSTOOD IN EXACTLY THE SAME WAY AS IT WAS INTENDED
Saturday, November 23, 2019
BASIC CONCEPTS ( आधारभूत धारणाएं ) PART 1 MICRO ECONOMICS IN HINDI
- आधारभूत धारणाएं ( 3RD LECTURE)
BASIC CONCEPTS
MICRO ECONOMICS - शशि अग्रवाल अर्थशास्त्र तथा लो की क्लासेस
- आधारभूत धारणाएं ( BASIC CONCEPTS )
- आधारभूत धारणाएं अर्थशास्त्र में अर्थशास्त्र में कई शब्दों जैसे आर्थिक क्रियाएं पदार्थ धन उपयोगिता, मूल्य आदि का प्रयोग विशेष अर्थों में किया जाता है Iयह शब्द अर्थशास्त्र की आधारभूत धाराएं है। अर्थशास्त्र में प्रयोग किए जाने वाले कुछ महत्वपूर्ण आधारभूत आधारभूत धरने नीचे लिखी है:
Friday, November 22, 2019
PERCEPTION PART 1
- PERCEPTION 1
PERCEPTION PROCESS
ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR - DR SHASHI AGGARWAL
- MEANING
- GIVING MEANING TO THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND US
- STEPHEN,” A PROCESS BY WHICH INDIVIDUALS ORGANIZE AND INTERPRET THEIR
SENSORY IMPRESSION IN ORDER TO GIVE MEANING TO THE ENVIORNMENT”
- A PROCESS WHICH INVOLVES SEEING,RECEIVING,SELECTING,ORGANIZING,INTERPRETING AND GIVING MEANING TO THE ENVIRONMENT. THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WHOLE PROCESS IS INFLUENCED BY THE INDIVIDUALS DOING ,THE PERCEIVING,THE OBJECTS OR EVENTS BEING PERCEIVED AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH PERCEPTION OCCURS
CLASS ROOM COMMUNCIATION FOR NET PAPER 1
- COMMUNICATION 3
NET PAPER 1
CLASS ROOM COMMUNICATION - DR SHASHI AGGARWAL
- MEANING OF CLASS ROOM COMMUNICATION
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
PROJECT APPRAISAL
- PROJECT APPRAISAL
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
DR SHASHI AGGARWAL - MEANING OF PROJECT APPRAISAL
- PROJECT APPRAISAL IS A PROCESS OF DETAILED
EXAMINATION OF SEVERAL ASPECTS OF A GIVEN PROJECT BEFORE RECOMMENDING THE
SAME
- IS THE STRUCTURED PROCESS OF ASSESSING THE VIABILITY OF A PROJECT OR PROPOSAL BEFORE COMMITTING RESOURCES TO IT
Monday, November 18, 2019
ORGANIZATION CULTURE
- ORGANIZATION CULTURE
- ODC/ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR
- DR. SHASHI AGGARWAL
- ORGANIZATION CULTURE
- ORGANIZATION CULTURE IS A SYSTEM OF SHARED ASSUMPTIONS,BELIEFS AND
VALUES WHICH GOVERN HOW PEOPLE BEHAVE IN THE ORGANIZATION
- THESE SHARED VALUES HAVE A STRONG INFLUENCE ON THE PEOPLE WORKING IN
THE ORGANIZATION
- EVERY ORGANIZATION DEVELOPS AND MAINTAINS A UNIQUE CULTURE ,WHICH PROVIDES GUIDELINES AND BOUNDARIES FOR THE BEHAVIOR OF THE PEOPLE WORKING IN THE ORGANIZATION.
Sunday, November 17, 2019
ROLE AND PROBLEMS OF SMALL SCALE INDUTRIES
- MICRO.SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
- PROJECT MANAGEMENT/ENTREPRENEURSHIP/BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT
- DR SHASHI AGAGRWAL
- MICRO,SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
- AN SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES AS PRIVATELY OWNED AND
OPERATED BUSINESS UNIT THAT IS COMPOSED OF SMALL NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES AND
HAS RELATIVELY LOW TURNOVER.
- IN INDIA MSME ARE THE BACKBONE OF THE ECONOMY
- THE MSME SECTOR CONTRIBUTES TO 45% OF INDIA’S
TOTAL INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT
- 50% OF INDIA’S TOTAL EXPORTS
- 95% OF ALL INDUSTRIAL UNITS
- AS PER MSME .GOV.IN MORE THAN 6000 TYPES OF
PRODUCTS ARE MANUFACTURED IN THESE INDUSTRIES
- THESE INDUSTRIES ARE ALSO KNOWN AS SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
Saturday, November 16, 2019
NATURE AND SCOPE OF ECONOMICS IN HINDI PART 1 (अर्थशास्त्र के अर्थशास्त्र की प्रकृति व क्षेत्र )
- NATURE AND SCOPE OF ECONOMICS PART 1
अर्थशास्त्र के अर्थशास्त्र की प्रकृति व क्षेत्र
- WWW.GARGSHASHI.COM
- SHASHI AGGARWAL ECONOMICS AND LAW CLASSES
- अर्थशास्त्र के अर्थशास्त्र की प्रकृति व क्षेत्र
- अर्थशास्त्र के क्षेत्र का परिचय प्रसिद्ध अर्थशास्त्री J.M KEYNES के अपनी पुस्तक “ THE SCOPE AND METHODS OF ECONOMICSनिम्नलिखित इन बातों का अध्ययन शामिल किया था।
Friday, November 15, 2019
EQUILIBRIUM OF INDUSTRY UNDER PERFECT COMPETITION
- EQUILIBRIUM OF INDUSTRY
UNDER PERFECT COMPETITION
- MICRO ECONOMICS
- BY DR. SHASHI AGGARWAL
- MEANING
- INDUSTRY MEANS GROUPS OF FIRMS PRODUCING HOMOGENEOUS PRODUCTS.
INDUSTRY IS IN EQUILIBRIUM WHEN IT HAS NO TENDENCY TO CHANGE
- ACCORDING TO HANSON,” AN INDUSTRY WILL BE IN EQUILIBRIUM WHEN THERE IS NO TENDENCY FOR THE SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY TO CHANGE THAT IS WHEN NO FIRMS WISH TO LEAVE IT AND NO NEW FIRMS ARE BEING ATTRACTED TO IT.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
SHORT RUN AND LONG RUN EQUILIBRIUM OF FIRM UNDER PERFECT COMPETITION
- EQUILIBRIUM OF FIRM UNDER PERFECT COMPETITION PART 1
- MICRO ECONOMICS/BUSINESS ECONOMICS
- SHASHI AGGARWAL ECONOMICS AND LAW CLASSES
- IMPORTANT QUESTION
- EXPLAIN THE FIRM'S SHORT RUN AND LONG RUN EQUILIBIRUM UNDER PERFECT COMPETITION
- ANSWER :
- MEANING OF PERFECT COMPEITION
- CONDITIONS OF EQULIBRIUM IN BRIEF
- SHORT RUN EQULIBIRUM ( SNP,NP AND MINIUM LOSSES
- LONG RUN EQULIBIRIUM
KINDS OF AUDITOR'S REPORT
AUDITOR’S REPORT 2
KINDS OF AUDITOR’S REPORT
KINDS OF AUDITOR’S REPORT
BY SHASHI AGGARWAL
• AUDITOR’S REPORT
1. INDEPENDENT EXPRESSION OF OPINION ON THE BASIS OF VARIOUS FACTS AND EVIDENCE COLLECTED AND PRESENTED BY THE AUDITOR REGARDING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE COMPANY
2. THE AUDITOR EXPRESSES HIS OPINION WITH REASONABLE DEGREE OF SKILL AND CARE AS HE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR IT
3. AUDITOR’S REPORT IS JUST AN OPINION AND NOT A GUARANTEE ABOUT ACCURACY AND CORRECTNESS OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4. THE AUDITOR VERIFIES THE ACCOUNTING DATA AND OTHER DOCUMENTS AND THEN HE PRESENT HIS OPINION
5. THE AUDITOR IS NOT CERTIFY THE CORRECTNESS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS BUT TO REPORT WHETHER THE BALANCE SHEET AND PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT OF THE COMPANY PRESENT TRUE AND FAIR VIEW.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
- PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
- MARKETING MGMT
- BY DR SHASHI
- MEANING OF PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
- PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE STAGES DEVELOPED BY RAYMOND
VERNON IN 1966. THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE STAGES OR INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT
LIFE CYCLE WHICH WAS DEVELOPED BY THE ECONOMIST BY RAYMOND VERMON IN 1966
- ACCORDING TO HIM THERE ARE FOUR STAGES IN PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE : INTRODUCTION,GROWTH,MATURITY AND DECLINE. THE LENGTH OF STAGE VARIES FOR DIFFERENT PRODUCT,ONE STAGE MAY LAST SOME WEEKS WHILE OTHERS EVEN LAST DECADE. THIS SHOWS
Monday, November 11, 2019
(प्रबंधकीय अर्थशास्त्र के प्रकृति के व क्षेत्र ) NATURE AND SCOPE OF MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS IN HINDI
•
प्रबंधकीय अर्थशास्त्र के प्रकृति
के व क्षेत्र
NATURE AND SCOPE OF MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
NATURE AND SCOPE OF MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
• INTRODUCTION
•
प्रबंध ( MANAGEMENt
) और अर्थशास्त्र ( ECONOMICS)की बीच घनिष्ठ संबंध होने के फलस्वरूप अर्थशास्त्र का विकास
हुआ है ।
• BY KOONTZ AND O DONNEL प्रबंधकीय अर्थशास्त्र औपचारिक रूप से समूहों में
संगठित व्यक्तियों के द्वारा तथा उनके साथ मिलजुल कर काम कराने की कला है
AUDITOR’S REPORT PART 1
• AUDITOR’S REPORT PART 1
ELEMENTS OF AUDIT REPORT
DR SHASHI AGGARWAL
ELEMENTS OF AUDIT REPORT
DR SHASHI AGGARWAL
• MEANING OF AUDITOR’S
REPORT
1.
AN AUDITOR’S REPORT IS THE FORMAL RESULT OF ALL THE
EFFORTS THAT GOES INTO AUDIT
2.
COMMUNICATING THE AUDITOR’S FINDING TO THE INTERESTED
USERS IS PART OF ALL AUDITS
3.
FINAL PHASE OF AN AUDIT INVOLVES PREPARING THAT
COMMUNICATION KNOWN AS AUDITOR’S REPORT
4.
LANCESTER,” A REPORT IS A STATEMENT OF COLLECTED AND
CONSIDERED FACTS SO DRAWN UP AS TO GIVE CLEAR AND CONCISE INFORMATION TO
PERSONS WHO ARE NOT ALREADY IN POSSESSION OF FULL FACTS OF SUBJECT MATTER OF
THE REPORT.
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