Saturday, October 19, 2019

TEACHING APTITUDE 2 NET PAPER 1


     TEACHING APTITUDE 2
NET PAPER 1
     DR. SHASHI AGGARWAL
     ATTITUDE/APTITUDE
1.     APTITUDE IS A COMPONENT OF COMPETENCY TO DO CERTAIN KIND OF WORK AT CERTAIN LEVEL
2.     APTITUDE IS ABILITY/TALENT
3.     APTITUDE MAY BE PHYSICAL OR MENTAL
4.     ATTITUDE IS POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE FEELING TOWARDS A PERSON/OBJECT/EVENT OR IDEA
5.     ATTITUDE IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHARACTER OR VIRTUES
6.     APTITUDE IS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPETENCE
     TEACHING APTITUDE

     TEACHING + APTITUDE
     GAGE : TEACHING IS PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TEACHER AND TAUGHT CAUSING BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION
     ACCORDING TO CLARK: ALL THOSE ACTIVITIES THAT MAY RESULT IN MODIFYING THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE LEARNER IS KNOWN AS TEACHING.
     TEACHING IS AN ACTIVITY THAT INFLUENCE A CHILD TO LEARN AND ACQUIRE DESIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS AND ALSO THEIR DESIRED WAYS OF LIVING IN THE SOCIETY.
     TEACHING IS A PROCESS OF PROVIDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENTS TO PRODUCE RELATIVELY PERMANENT CHANGE THROUGH ENGAGEMENT IN EXPERIENCE PROVIDED BY THE TEACHERS
     TEACHING IS A PLANNED ACTIVITY AND EFFECTIVE TEACHING DEPENDS ON THE FOLLOWING FACTORS :
1.     HOW CLEARLY THE STUDENTS UNDERSTAND WHAT THEY ARE EXPECTED TO LEARN
2.     HOW ACCURATELY THEIR LEARNING CAN BE MEASURED


     TEACHING APTITUDE
     APTITUDE IS NATURAL ABILITY TO DO SOMETHING
     TEACHING APTITUDE IS THE NATURAL ABILITY TO TEACH. IT INVOLVES THE STUDY OF STUDENT TEACHER RELATIONSHIP IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT.
     TEACHING APTITUDE IS ALL ABOUT EVALUATING CANDIDATES WHO WANTS TO ENTER TEACHING PROFESSION ON THE BASIS OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL. IT REFERS TO BASIC QUALITIES REQUIRED TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL TEACHER. THIS INCLUDES QUALIFICATION, INTELLIGENCE AND ATTITUDE AND MANY MORE TOGETHER QUALITIES EXPECTED FROM A PERSON WHO WANTS TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL TEACHER.
     TEACHING MODELS
     JAYCE AND WELL: TEACHING MODEL ARE JUST INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGNS AND THEY DESCRIBE THE PROCESS OF SPECIFYING AND PRODUCING PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS WHICH CAUSE THE STUDENTS TO INTERACT IN SUCH A WAY THAT SPECIFIC CHANGES OCCURS IN THE BEHAVIOUR.
     JAYCE AND WELL (1978): A MODEL OF TEACHING CONSISTS OF GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND ENVIRONMENTS. IT SPECIFY  WAYS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING ARE INTENDED TO ACHIEVE A CERTAIN KINDS OF GOALS
     PAUL D EGGEN ET AL ( 1979) : MODEL ARE PRESCRIPTIVE TEACHING STRATEGIES DESIGNED TO ACCOMPLISH PARTICULAR INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS
     JANGIRA AND OTHERS (1983): A MODEL OF TEACHING IS A SET OF INTERRELATED COMPONENTS ARRANGED IN A SEQUENCE WHICH PROVIDES GUIDELINES TO REALIZE SPECIFIC GOALS.IT HELPS IN DESIGNING INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITIES, CARRYING OUT OF THESE ACTIVITIES AND REALIZATION OF THE STIPULATED OBJECTIVES.
     BASIC TEACHING MODELS
1.     PEDAGOGY MODEL: ACT OF TEACHING. THE PEDAGOGY ADOPTED BY THE TEACHERS SHAPES THEIR ACTIONS, JUDGMENTS AND OTHER TEACHING STRATEGIES BY TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THEORIES OF LEARNING, UNDERSTANDING OF STUDENTS AND THEIR NEEDS AND THE BACKGROUND AND INTERESTS OF INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS. AND INSTRUCTOR CENTRED TEACHING CAN BE DESCRIBED AS PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH. HERE THE LEARNER IS DEPENDENT UPON THE INSTRUCTOR FOR ALL LEARNING AND THE TEACHER ASSUMES THE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR WHAT IS TAUGHT AND HOW IT IS LEARN ED. THE TEACHER OR INSTRUCTOR EVALUATES THE LEARNING PROCESS OF THE STUDENTS
2.     ANDRAGOGICAL- ADULT LEARNING THEORY ( KNOWLES ):-ORIGINATOR : MALCOM STEPHERD KNOWLES
  1. REFERS TO A THEORY OF ADULT LEARNING THAT DETAILS SOME OF THE WAYS IN WHICH ADULTS LEARN DIFFERENTLY THAN CHILDREN
  2. ADULT TEND TO BE MORE SELF DIRECTED,INTERNALLY MOTIVATED AND READY TO LEARN

     FIVE ASSUMPTIONS :
1.     SELF CONCEPT: ADULTS ARE AT A MATURE DEVELOPMENT STAGE. AND TAKE PART IN DIRECTING THEIR OWN LEARNING
2.     PAST LEARNING EXAMPLES :VAST ARRAY OF EXPERIENCES TO DRAW ON AS THEY LEARN
3.     READINESS TO LEARN
4.     PRACTICAL REASONS TO LEARN: LOOKING FOR PRACTICAL PROBLEM CENTERED APPROACHES TO LEARNING. MANY ADULTS RETURN TO CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR SPECIFIC PRACTICAL REASONS SUCH AS ENTERING INTO NEW FIELDS
5.     DRIVEN BY INTERNAL MOTIVATION
     FOUR PRINCIPLES OF ANDRAGOGY
1.     SINCE ADULTS ARE SELF DIRECTED,THEY SHOULD HAVE A SAY IN THE CONTENT AND PROCESS OF THEIR LEARNING
2.     BECAUSE ADULTS HAVE SO MUCH EXPERIENCE TO DRAW FROM THEIR LEARNING SHOULD FOCUS ON ADDING TO WHAT THEY HAVE ALREADY LEARNED IN THE PAST
3.     SINCE ADULTS ARE LOOKING FOR PRACTICAL LEARNING,CONTENT SHOULD FOCUS ON ISSUES RELATED TO THEIR WORK OR PERSONAL LIFE
4.     ADDITIONALLY LEARNING SHOULD BE CONCERNED ON SOLVING PROBLEMS INSTEAD OF MEMORIZING CONTENT
     FEATURES OF TEACHING MODEL
1.     SOME SORT OF PATTERN OR PLANS PREPARED IN ADVANCE FOR THE SUCCESS OF TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS
2.     DIFFER FROM GENERAL TEACHING TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES IN THE SENSE THAT THEY ARE DESIGNED TO MEET SOME SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OR GOALS
3.     SPECIFIC GUIDELINES FOR THE REALIZATION OF THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES BY SPECIFYING TEACHING ACTIVITIES AND CONTROLLING THE TEACHING AND LEARNING ENVIORNMENT
4.     SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONAL DESING FOR PARTICUALR TYPE OF INSTRUCTION IN SPECIFIED TEACHING LEARNING SITUATIONS
5.     PROPER TEACHING LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AND SPECIFY THE TEACHING OR LEARNING OUTCOME IN BEHAVIOURAL TERMS AND LAY DOWN A STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE FOR THE ATTAINMENT OF GOALS
      
     MODELS OF TEACHING ARE KNOWN TO SERVE THREE MAJOR FUNCTIONS IN A GIVEN TEACHING LEARNING SITUATIONS:
1.     DESIGNING AND SPECIFYING INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
2.     DEVELOPING AND SELECTING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
3.     SPECIFYING TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITIES
     FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS
  1. FOCUS : CENTRAL ASPECT OF TEACHING MODEL
  2. SYNTAX
  3. PRINCIPLE OF REACTION
  4. SOCIAL SYSTEM
  5. SUPPORT SYSTEM : ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
  6. APPLICATION
     TYPES OF TEACHING MODELS
1.     INFORMATION PROCESSING MODELS :REFERS TO WAYS PEOPLE HANDLE STIMULI FROM THE ENVIRONMENT,ORGANIZE DATA.SENSE PROBLEMS AND GENERATE CONCEPTS AND SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS AND EMPLOY VERBAL AND NON VERBAL SYMBOLS
2.     SOCIAL INTERACTION MODELS : CONCERNED WITH ATTAINMENT OF THE SOCIAL GOALS BELONGING TO THE AFFECTIVE DOMAIN
3.     PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT MODELS: THE FAMILY OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MODELS ALSO IS CONCERNED WITH THE REALIZATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS BELONGING TO AFFECTIVE DOMAIN
4.     BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION MODELS : RELATED TO THE BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION THEORIES
     NATURE OR FEATURES OF TEACHING
  1. IT ESSENTIALLY INVOLVES AN INTELLECTUAL OPERATION :-EVOLVES A SUITABLE PLAN OF ACTIONS TO CARRY OUT TEACHING BY CREATING A CONDUCIVE AND SUPPORTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT TO ACHIEVE THE PRESPECIFED OBJECTIVES
  2. DRAWS MATERIALS FROM THE SPECTRUM OF SCIENCE:-TEACHING IS NOT ONLY AN ART BUT ALSO A SCIENCE. TEACHER NEED TO BE TRAINED PROPERLY IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE SOME OBJECTIVES AND FROM THE STAND POINT OF SCIENCE IT GOES THROUGH CERTAIN STEPS WHICH ARE FOLLOWED IN THE TRAINING OF TEACHER
  3. IT TRANSFORMS RAW MATERIAL INTO A DEFINITE INTO A PRACTICAL AND DEFINITE END: LEARENR ARE PROSPECTIVE RAW MATERIALS IN TEACHING PROFESSION. THEY ARE PREPARED TO TEACH WITH EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS
  4. IT BASICALLY PERFORMS A SOCIAL SERVICE: TEACHING INFUSES A SENSE OF SERVICE IN THE MINDS OF TEACHERS.
  5. IT POSES AN EDUCATIONALLY COMMUNICABLE TECHNIQUE: TEACHING IS SCIENCE, TEACHING TECHNIQUES ARE SYSTEMATIC AND HAVE CERTAIN STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED. IT IS EASILY COMMUNICABLE FOR ITS WIDE APPLICATION
  6. IT TENDS TOWARDS SELF ORGANIZATION :-DEMANDS SENSITIVITY OF PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN TEACHING ACTIVITIES TOWARDS GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSION
  7. IT INCLUDES A LENGTHY PERIOD OF STUDY AND TRAINING :- A PERSON WILLING TO TAKE UP THIS PROFESSION HAS TO STUDY FOR NUMBER OF YEARS AND ACQUIRE MASTERY OVER THE SUBJECT
  8. IT HAS A HIGH DEGREE OF AUTONOMY :-FREE FROM ANY FORM OF INTERVENTION
  9. BASED UPON A SYSTEMATIC BODY OF KNOWLEDGE :-TEACHING AS PROFESSION IS BASED UPON SYSTEMATIC BODY OF KNOWLEDGE EMANATED FROM DIFFERENT SPHERES OF HUMAN LIFE AND ACTIVITIES
  10. NATURE OR FEATURES OF TEACHING
  11. IT HAS A COMMON CODE OF ETHICS: COMMON CODE OF ETHICS WHICH GUIDES THE BEHAVIOR AND CONDUCT OF TEACHERS IN THEIR INSTITUTIONS AND OUTSIDE. A CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IS CHARTER OF RIGHTS AND DUTIES FOR THE PROTECTION OF PROFESSIONAL AUTONOMY AND FREEDOM
  12. CONTINUOUS PROCESS OF  LEARNING
     DIFFERENT LEVEL OF TEACHING
1.     MEMORY LEVEL
2.     UNDERSTANDING LEVEL
3.     REFLECTIVE LEVEL
     MEMORY LEVEL OF TEACHING (MLT)
1.     HERBART IS THE MAIN PROPONENT OF MEMORY LEVEL OF TEACHING
2.     FIRST LEVEL OF TEACHING
3.     ALSO CALLED THOUGHTLESS TEACHING
4.     ALSO CALLED THE LOWEST LEVEL OF TEACHING
5.     USED ON LOWER CLASSES
6.     TEACHER’S FOCUS IS ON MERELY MAKING THE STUDENTS CRAM THE CONCEPTS
7.     IT INDUCES THE HABIT OF ROTE MEMORIZATION OF FACTS AND BITES OF INFORMATION
8.     TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS IS BASICALLY A STIMULUS RESPONSE HERE
9.     ENABLES THE LEARNER TO RETAIN AND ALSO TO REPRODUCE THE LEARNT MATERIALS WHENEVER REQUIRED


10.  THE EVALUATION SYSTEM MAINLY INCLUDED ORAL,WRITTEN AND ESSAY TYPE EXAMINATION
11.  GOOD MEMORY INCLUDES RAPIDLY IN LEARNING,STABILITY OF RETENTION,RAPIDITY  AND RECALLING AND THE ABILITY TO BRING ONLY DESIRABLE CONTENTS TO THE CONSCIOUS LEVEL
     UNDERSTANDING LEVEL OF TEACHING
1.     MORRISON IS THE MAIN PROPONENT
2.     MEMORY PLUS INSIGHT. IT GOES BEYOND JUST MEMORIZATION OF FACTS. FOCUSES ON THE MASTERY OF THE SUBJECT
3.     MAKES THE STUDENT UNDERSTAND THE GENERALIZATION OF THE PRINCIPLES AND FACTS
4.     PROVIDES MORE AND MORE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE STUDENTS TO DEVELOP INTELLECTUAL BEHAVIOR
5.     PROVIDES ACTIVE ROLE FOR BOTH THE STUDENTS AND TEACHERS IN THE ASSIMILATION OF FACTS
6.     THE EVALUATION SYSTEM MAINLY INCLUDES BOTH ESSAY AND OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
     REFLECTIVE LEVEL OF TEACHING
1.     HUNT IS THE MAIN PROPONENT OF REFLECTIVE LEARNING TEACHING
2.     HIGHEST LEVEL OF TEACHING AND IT INCLUDES BOTH ULT AND MLT
3.     PROBLEM-CENTRIC APPROACH OF TEACHING
4.     THE STUDENTS ARE APPROACH TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM
5.     CLASS ROOM ENVIRONMENT IS TO BE SUFFICIENTLY OPERATIVE AND INDEPENDENT
6.     AIM IS TO DEVELOP THE REFLECTIVE POWER OF LEARNERS SO THAT THEY CAN SOLVE THE PROBLEMS OF THEIR LIVES BY REASONING,LOGIC AND IMAGINATION AND LEAD SUCCESSFUL AND HAPPY LIVES
7.     THE STUDENTS OCCUPY THE PRIMARY PLACE AND TEACHERS SECONDARY
8.     ESSAY TYPES TEST IS USED FOR EVALUATION. ATTITUDE BELIEF AND INVOLVEMENT ARE ALSO EVALUATED



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