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CONCEPT :MEANING
AND FEATURES OF PROJECT
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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BY DR. SHASHI AGGARWAL
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CONCEPT OF PROJECT
- PROJECT IS
INITIATED TO ACHIEVE A MISSION---WHAT EVER THE MISSION MAY BE
- A PROJECT IS
COMPLETED AS SOON THE MISSION IS FULFILLED
- THE PROJECT
LIVES BETWEEN THESE TWO CUT OFF POINTS AND THEREFORE THIS TIME SPAN IS
KNOWN AS PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
- PROJECT HAS
WIDER MEANING
- A PROJECT IS
ACCOMPLISHED BY PERFORMING A SET OF ACTIVITIES
- CONSTRUCTION OF
HOUSE IS PROJECT : DIGGING OF FOUNDATION,PITS,CONSTRUCTION OF
FOUNDATION,CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS,CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFS,FIXING OF DOORS AND
WINDOWS,FIXING OF SANITARY FITTING,WIRING ETC
- THERE ARE CEMENT
PROJECT.POWER PROJECTS,REFINERY PROJECT,FERTILIZER PROJECT
- COMMON IS
PROJECT BUT NOT PLANT
- IN EACH CASE THE
PROJECT IS DEEMED TO BE COMPLETED AS SOON THE PLANT IS OPERATIONAL
- THE DICTIONARY
MEANING OF PROJECT IS SPECULATIVE IMAGINATION- A SCHEME OF SOMETHING TO BE
DONE—PROPOSAL FOR UNDERTAKING
- PROJECT IS A
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY ON WHICH MONET IS SPENT IN THE EXPECTATION OF RETURN
- A SPECIFIC
STARTING POINT---SPECIFIC END POINT AND IS INTEND TO ACHIEVE A SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVE
- IN ADDITION A
PROJECT HAS SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND WOULD SERVE A GROUP OF
POPULATION
- WILL HAVE
SPECIFIC AUTHORITY TO IMPLEMENT
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DEFINITION OF PROJECT
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A PROJECT IS ACCOMPLISHED BY PERFORMING A SET OF ACTIVITIES. EACH PROJECT IS
UNIQUE IN THE SENSE THAT ACTIVITIES OF A PROJECT ARE UNIQUE AND NON REPETITIVE.
A PROJECT CONSUMES RESOURCES AND
RESOURCES REQUIRED FOR THE PROJECT ARE MEN, MATERIAL, MONEY AND TIME.
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A PROJECT CAN BE DEFINED AS A
NON-ROUTINE, NON REPETITIVE, ONE OFF UNDERTAKING, NORMALLY WITH DISCRETE TIME,
FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE GOALS.
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“ PROJECT IS A TEMPORARY ENDEAVOUR UNDERTAKEN TO CREATE A UNIQUE PRODUCT AND
SERVICE.
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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MANAGEMENT,” PROJECT IS ORGANIZED UNIT DEDICATED TO THE
ATTAINMENT OF GOALS---THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ON
TIME WITH IN BUDGET IN CONFORMANCE WITH PREDETERMINED SPECIFICATION
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LITTLE AND MIRRLESS : PROJECT IS ANY SCHEME OR PART OF SCHEME FOR INVESTING
RESOURCES WHICH CAN BE REASONABLY ANALYSED AND EVALUATED AS AN INDEPENDENT UNIT
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BASIC ATTRIBUTES OF PROJECT
1.
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS DEFINE WHAT THE PROJECT WILL CONSUME. REQUIRES RAW
MATERIALS,MANPOWER,FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND ORGANIZATIONAL SET UP
2.
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS : WHAT THE PROJECT WILL GENERATE AND THE PROJECT
OUTPUT MAY TAKE THE SHAPE OF PRODUCTION OF ADDITIONAL GOODS. MAY BE IN THE FORM
OF PROVISION OF ADDITIONAL SERVICES
3.
SOCIAL COST AND BENEFITS ANALYSIS
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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ORGANIZED VENTURE FOR MANAGING PROJECTS
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IT INVOLVE SCIENTIFIC APPLICATION OF MODERN TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF
PLANNING,FINANCING ,IMPLEMENTING,MONITORING,CONTROLLING AND COORDINATING UNIQUE
ACTIVITIES OR TASKS TO PRODUCE DESIRABLE OUTPUTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PREDETERMINED OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES WITH IN THE CONSTRAINS OF TIME AND COST
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING :
1.
PROJECT PLANNING
2.
PROJECT SCHEDULING
3.
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION,CONTROLLING AND MONITORING
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PROJECT FAMILY TREE
a)
PLAN-----------NATIONAL CORPORATE PLANS WITH TARGET FOR GROWTH
b)
PROGRAMME :- HEALTH PROGRAMME,EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMME
c)
PROJECT : POWER PLANTS,SCHOOLS,HOSPITALS,HOUSING PROJECTS
d)
WORK PACKAGE : WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION PACKAGE ,POWER AND SUPPLY AND
DISTRIBUTION PACKAGE
e)
TASK :WATER SUPPLY,CONTRACT AND CONSTRUCTION OF FOUNDATION
f)
ACTIVITY : EXCAVATING LAYING OF CABLE,PREP RATION OF DRAWING. PREPARATION OF
SPECIFICATION
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PROJECT
CHARACTERSTICS
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OBJECTIVES : SET OF OBJECTIVE AND MISSION,ONCE THE OBJECTIVE IS
COMPLETED,THE PROJECT IS TREATED AS COMPLETED
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LIFE CYCLE :
a)
CONCEPTION STAGE : WHERE PROJECTS ARE CONCEIVED
b)
DESIGN PHASE : DETAILS DESIGN OF DIFFERENT PROJECTS AREAS ARE WORKED OUT
c)
IMPLEMENTATION STAGE : WHERE THE PROJECT IS IMPLEMENTED AS PER DESIGN
d)
COMMISSIONING STAGE : INDICATES THE END OF LIFE CYCLE
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DEFINED TIME LIMIT :DEFINED TIME LIMIT. CONSTRUCTION O A HIGHWAY CONNECTING
TWO CITIES IS PROJECT. MAINTAINANCE OF HIGHWAY IS ON GOING PROCESS AND SO IT
WILL NOT COME UNDER PROJECT
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UNIQUENESS : NO TWO PROJECTS ARE SIMILAR
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TEAM WORK : COORDINATION OF DIVERSIFIED AREAS.PERSONNEL SPECIALIZED IN THEIR
RESPECTIVE AREAS
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COMPLEXITY : COMPLEX SET OF DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES. TECHNOLOGY SURVEY,CHOOSING
THE APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY,MACHINERY,
AND HIRING THE RIGHT KIND OF PEOPLE AND ARRANGING FINANCE
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SUBCONTRACTING : SOME OF THE ACTIVITIES ARE DONE THROUGH SUBCONTRACTING
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RISK AND UNCERTAINTY :
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CUSTOMER SPECIFIC NATURE : ALWAYS CUSTOMER SPECIFIC. CUSTOMER ORIENTED.
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CHANGE : PROJECT IS NOT RIGID IN ITS LIFE SPAN. CHANGES OCCUR THROUGHOUT THE
LIFE SPAN OF PROJECT AS NATURAL OUTCOME/MINOR CHANGES
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RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT :
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FORECASTING : FORECASTING THE DEMAND FOR ANY PROJECT IS GOING TO PRODUCE IS
AN IMPORTANT ASPECT
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RATIONAL CHOICE :SCHEME FOR INVESTING
RESOURCES,THE CHOICE OF A PROJECT IS DONE AFTER MAKING A STUDY OF ALL THE AVAILABLE AVENUES FOR INVESTING
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PRINCIPLE OF SUCCESSION :WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN DURING THE LIFE CYCLE OF
PROJECT IS NOT FULLY UNKNOWN, THE DETAILS GETS FINALIZED SUCCESSIVELY WITH THE
PASSAGE OF TIME. MORE IS KNOWN ABOUT A PROJECT WHEN IT ENTERS THE CONSTRUCTION
PHASE
CONTROL MECHANISM :
MULTIDISCIPLINARY : MAKE USE OF EXPERTISE OF
DIFFERENT KIND OF PEOPLE
CONFLICT : MAY ARISE BETWEEN PROJECT SCHEDULE
AND BUDGET
ARE PART OF LARGE PROGRAMME : MANY PROJECTS PUT
TOGETHER CONSITUTE A PROJECT. LIKE PUTTING A SATTELITE IN AN ORBIT : CONSIST OF
MANY INTERRELATED PROJECTS
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