MODEL ANSWER TO PSYCHO-ANALYTIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY AND THE FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE PERCEPTION

´  PSYCHO-ANALYTIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY
FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE PERCEPTION
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOR

´  SECTION A

I.        DISCUSS PSYCHO-ANALYTIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY

II.        WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE PERCEPTION?

´  MEANING OF PERSONALITY

´  PERSONALITY DERIVED FROM THE LATIN TERM PER SONA WHICH MEANS TO SPEAK THROUGH

´  THE LATIN TERM DENOTES THE MASK WORN BY ACTORS IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME

´  IN SIMPLE WORDS THE PERSONALITY MEANS THE ROLE WHICH THE PERSON (ACTOR) DISPLAYS TO THE PUBLIC.

´  FRED LUTHANS,”PERSONALITY MEANS HOW A PERSON AFFECTS OTHERS AND HE HOW UNDERSTANDS AND VIEWS HIMSELF AS WELL AS THE PATTERN OF INNER AND OUTER MEASURABLE TRAITS AND THE PERSON-SITUATION INTERACTIONS.

´  PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

´  GIVEN BY SIGMUND FREUD

´  THIS THEORY IS BASED ON THE NOTION THAT A MAN IS MOTIVATED MORE BY UNSEEN FORCES THAN BY CONSCIOUS AND RATIONAL THOUGHT

´  THERE ARE TWO BASIC DRIVERS ARE LOVE AND AGGRESSION WHICH HAVE DEEP IMPACT ON WHAT AN INDIVIDUAL DOES AND THINK. LOVE AND AGGRESSION HAVE DIRECT CONTROL ON OUT MIND AND THOUGHT.

´  LOVE AND AGGRESSION REFERS TO EROS AND THANATOES SYMBOLIZES THE DEATH

´  STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

´  ACCORDING TO FREUD, AN INDIVIDUAL’S MIND HAS A FIXED AMOUNT OF DESIRE TOWARDS SEXUAL ACTIVITY OFTEN CALLED LIBIDO.

´  AN  ADULT PERSONALITY GENERALLY HAS THREE DETERMINANTS

I.        ID: IS THE SOURCE OF PSYCHIC ENERGY AND INDIVIDUALS SEEK IMMEDIATE PLEASURE IN ORDER TO SATISFY THEIR BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL NEED WITHOUT TAKING INTO CONSIDERATIONS OF THE REALITY.ID REFERS TO IRRATIONAL NEEDS AND DEMANDS.

II.        THE EGO”-IS THE CONSCIOUS AND LOGICAL PART OF THE HUMAN PERSOANLITY AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RELAITY PRINCIPLE.ID IS RELATED WITH THE UNCONSCIOUS PART AND EGO IS CONSCIOUS PART .THE EGO KEEPS THE ID IN CHECK THROUGH INTELLECT AND REASON.

III.        THE SUPER EGO:-MORAL CONSTRAINS IMPOSED ON AN INDIVIDUAL BY HIS PARENTS OR FAMILY

´  DEFENSE MECHANISMS

´  REPRESSION IS ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL DEFENSE MECHANISM WHICH PUSH IRRATIONAL IMPULSE INTO UNCONSCIOUS MIND.

´  STRESS FUL THOUGHTS WHICH ARE THREATENING TO AN INDIVIDUAL’S SURVIVAL SHOULD BE PUSHED INTO UNCONSCIOUSNESS MIND TO REDUCE ANXIETY THROUGH REPRESSION.

´  PSYCHO SEXUAL STAGES

´  THERE ARE FOUR UNIVERSAL STAGES OF PSYCHO-SEXUAL DEVEOPLEMENT WHICH ARE DECISIVE IN THE FORMATION OF PERSONALITY.

1. THE ORAL STAGE:-FIRST YEAR OF LIFE. THE MOUTH IS THE BODY ZONE THROUGH WHICH BIOLOGICAL DRIVES ARE SOUGHT TO BE SATISFIED
2. THE ANAL STAGE:DURING THE SECOND AND THIRD YEAR OF LIFE ANAL BECOMES THE BODY ZONE FOR SEXUAL GRATIFICATION. YOUNG CHILDREN DERIVE CONSIDERABLE PLEASURE FROM BOTH RETENTION AND EXPULSION OF FECES. TOILET TRAINING IS GIVEN TO THE CHILDREN.
3. THE PHALLIC STAGE:-AT ABOUT FOUR YEARS OF AGE FOCUS ON SEXUAL GRATIFICATION BY EXAMINING THEIR GENITALS,MASTURBATING,EXPRESSING INTEREST IN MATTERS OF BIRTH AND
4. THE GENITAL STAGE:-OCCURS DURING ADOLESCENCE IS ADULTHOOD. THE INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES SATISFACTION THROUGH HETEROSEXUAL LOVE.

´  CONCLUSION:

•                 THE PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY OF FREUD IS BASED ON THEORETICAL CONCEPT

•                 NOT OBJECTIVE

•                 IT DOES NOT GIVE A TOTAL PICTURE OF BEHAVIOR OF PERSONALITY SO IT IS NOT RELEVANT FROM FROM BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE

•                 BUT IT GIVES DEEP MEANING OF PERSONALITY STRUCTURE

´  MEANING OF PERCEPTION

´  PERCEPTION IS DESCRIBED AS PERSON’S VIEW OF REALITY. EVERY PERSON PERCEIVES THE WORLD AND APPROACHES THE LIFE PROBLEM DIFFERENTLY.

´  PERCEPTION IS A PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESS WHEREBY PEOPLE SELECT, ORGANISE AND INTERPRET SENSORY STIMULATION INTO MEANINGFUL INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR WORK ENVIRONMENT.

´  S.P. ROBBINS, PERCEPTION IS A PROCESS BY WHICH INDIVIDUALS ORAGNISE AND INTERPRET THEIR SENSORY IMPRESSIONS IN ORDER TO GIVE MEANING TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT.

´  FACTORS

I.        RECEIVER'S CHARACTERISTICS

II.        SITUATIONAL FACTORS

III.        CHARACTERISTICS OF  PERCEIVED

´  CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERCEIVER(INTERNAL FACTORS)

a.    NEEDS AND MOTIVES: DETERMINED BY THEIR INNER NEEDS

b.    SELF CONCEPT:-SELF CONCEPT PLAYS IMPORTANT ROLE IN PERCEPTUAL SELECTIVITY

c.    BELIEFS:

d.    PAST EXPERIENCES

e.    CURRENT PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE

f.      EXPECTATIONS

´  CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TARGET OR PERCEIVED

a)    SIZE:THE BIGGER SIZE OF THE PERCEIVED STIMULUS,THE HIGHER IS THE PROBABILITY THAT IS PERCEIVED

b)    INTENSITY:-INTENSITY ATTRACTS TO INCREASE THE SELECTIVE PERCEPTION

c)    STATUS:-ALSO INFLUENCED BY THE STATUS OF THE PERCEIVER

d)    CONTRAST:-STIMULI THAT CONTRAST WITH THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE ATTENTION CATCHING THAN STIMULI BLEND IN

´  CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITUATION

´  THE CONTEXT IN WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL SEES OBJECT OR EVENT IS VERY IMPORTANT

´  ELEMENTS IN THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCE ONE’S PERCEPTION

´  THE SITUATIONAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT PERCEPTION:-

I.        PHYSICAL(LOCATION,LIGHT,HEAT ETC)

II.        SOCIAL

III.        ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS