DETERMINANTS OF THE PERSONALITY

Ø  C.S.E MAINS COMMERCE AND ACCOUNTANCY
LECTURE 3  DETERMINANTS OF THE PERSONALITY

Ø  QUESTION IN C.S.E MAINS 2016

Ø  QUESTION:-BIOLOGICAL FACTORS ARE IMPORTANT IN DETERMINING THE PERSONALITY OF TRAITS. COMMENT ON THIS STATEMENT

• MEANING AND INTRODUCTION
• THE TERM PERSONALITY HAS BEEN DERIVED FROM THE LATIN TERM PERSONA WHICH MEANS TO SPEAK THROUGH. THE LATIN TERM DENOTES THE MASKS WORN BY THE ACTORS IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME.
• COMMON USAGE OF THE WORD,PERSONALITY SIGNIFIES THE ROLE WHICH PERSON DISPLAYS TO THE PUBLIC.
• PERSONALITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL IS UNIQUE,PERSONAL AND MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF THE BEHAVIOR AND SOME THEORIES PUT STRESS ON THE SOCIAL LEARNING ASPECTS OF PERSONALITY.
• IN PSYCHOLOGY DIFFERENT INTERPRETATION BY DIFFERENT THINKERS:-
• CARL ROGERS__-PERSONALITY IN TERMS OF THE SELF,AN ORGANIZED,PERMANENT,SUBJECTIVELY PERCEIVED ENTITY
• GORDON ALLPORT: PERSONALITY AS WHAT AN INDIVIDUALLY REALLY IS
• FREUD_ STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY—ID---EGO----SUPER EGO

• DEFINITION OF PERSONALITY
• GORDON ALLPORT,”PERSONALITY IS THE DYNAMIC ORGANIZATION WITHIN THE INDIVIDUAL OF THOSE PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THAT DETERMINE HIS UNIQUE ADJUSTMENT TO HIS ENVIRONMENT.
• A COMPREHENSIVE DEFINITION BY FRED LUTHANS
• PERSONALITY MEANS HOW A PERSON AFFECT OTHERS AND HOW HE UNDERSTANDS AND VIEWS HIMSELF AS WELL AS THE PATTERN OF INNER AND OUTER MEASURABLE TRAITS AND THE PERSON SITUATION INTERACTION.
• PERSONALITY REPRESENT THE WHOLE PERSON CONCEPT AND IT INCLUDES PERCEPTION,LEARNING AND MOTIVATION AND MORE.

Ø  APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PERSONALITY

1. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL  APPROACH CONSIDERS PERSONALITY AS A CERTAIN STYLE PECULIAR TO THE INDIVIDUAL.
2. THE SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH CONSIDERS PERSONALITY IN TERMS OF THE STATUS OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE GROUP,IN TERMS OF HIS OWN CONCEPTION OF THE HIS ROLE IN THE GROUP. WHAT OTHER THINK OF HIM PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF HIS PERSONALITY
3. THIRD APPROACH THE BIOLOGICAL WHICH DEFINES THE PERSONALITY ON BIO PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS. AND IT IS NOT ADEQUATE.

• DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY
• BIOLOGICAL FACTORS:-

HEREDITY:-

• MEANS THE TRANSMISSION OF QUALITIES FROM ANCESTORS TO THE DESCENDANT
• PHYSICAL STATURE,FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS,SEX,TEMPERAMENT,MUSCLE COMPOSITION,REFLEXES ARE INHERITED FROM ONE’S PARENTS
• IMPORTANCE OF HEREDITY VARIES FROM ON PERSONALITY TRAIT TO OTHER
• IT IS MORE IMPORTANT IN DETERMINING A PERSON’S TEMPERAMENT THAN HIS VALUES AND IDEALS
• BRAIN:-GENERAL FEELING THAT BRAIN PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ONE’S PERSONALITY BUT THERE IS NO CONCLUSIVE PROOF
• PHYSICAL FEATURES:-INDIVIDUAL’S EXTERNAL APPEARANCE MAY HAVE A GREAT EFFECT ON THE PERSONALITY. SOME PERSONS GIVE RELATIVELY HIGHER WEIGHTAGE TO PHYSICAL FEATURES.IN NARROW SENSE THE PERSONALITY IS REFERRED AS PHYSICAL FEATURES OF A PERSON BUT IT IS NOT TRUE AND RATE OF PHYSICAL MATURATION ALSO AFFECT PHYSICAL MATURATION .
• FAMILY AND SOCIAL FACTORS
• FAMILY AND SOCIAL FACTORS SHAPE A PERSON’S PERSONALITY THROUGH THE PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION
• SOCIALIZATION PROCESS STARTS WITH INITIAL CONTACT BETWEEN MOTHER AND HER NEW INFANTS LATER ON OTHER MEMBERS AND GROUPS ALSO INFLUENCE THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS.
• THE IDENTIFICATION PROCESS OCCURS WHEN A PERSON TRIES TO IDENTIFY HIMSELF WITH SOME PERSONS WHOM HE FEELS IDEAL FOR FAMILY
• A CHILD IN THE FAMILY TRIES TO BEHAVE LIKE FATHER OR MOTHER
• EXAMINATION OF THE IDENTIFICATION PROCESS :-

1. CAN BE VIEWED AS SIMILARITY OF BEHAVIOR
2. LOOKED AS THE CHILD’S MOTIVES OR DESIRES TO BE LIKE THE MODEL
3. CAN BE VIEWED AS THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH THE CHILD ACTUALLY TAKES ON THE ATTRIBUTES OF THE MODEL.

·         SOCIALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION PROCESS IS INFLUENCED BY HOME ENVIRONMENT,FAMILY MEMBERS AND SOCIAL GROUPS.

• CULTURAL FACTORS
• CULTURE GENERALLY DETERMINE ATTITUDES TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE,AGGRESSION AND COOPERATION. WE CAN SAY THAT THE CHILD’S CULTURAL GROUP DEFINES THE RANGE OF EXPERIENCES AND SITUATIONS HE IS LIKELY TO ENCOUNTER AND VALUES AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS THAT WILL BE REINFORCED AND LEARNED. BUT THERE IS NO LINEAR RELATION BETWEEN CULTURE AND PERSONALITY
• SITUATIONAL FACTORS
• THE S-O-B-C MODEL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR CONSIDERS THE SITUATIONS UNDER WHICH THE BEHAVIOR IS OCCURRING. MILGRAM;S RESEARCH STUDY SUGGESTS THAT VERY POWERFUL ROLE THE SITUATION MAY PLAY IN THE HUMAN PERSONALITY. SITUATION EXERT AN IMPORTANT PRESSURE ON THE INDIVIDUAL.
• CONCLUSION
• IF PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS WERE COMPLETELY DICTATED BY HEREDITY THEY WOULD BE FIXED AT BIRTH AND NO AMOUNT OF EXPERIENCE COULD ALTER. BUT PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS ARE NOT COMPLETELY DICTATED BY HEREDITY THERE ARE OTHER FACTORS ALSO WHICH ALSO INFLUENCE THE PERSONALITY.

1. PERSONALITY IS NOT RELATED TO BODILY STRUCTURE ALONE,IT INCLUDES BOTH STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS
2. PERSONALITY IS AN INDIVISIBLE UNIT
3. NEITHER GOOD OR BAD
4. EVERY PERSONALITY IS UNIQUE
5. IS ACQUIRED AND IT EXPRESSES REGULARITY AND CONSISTENCY.
6. ALSO INFLUENCED BY SOCIAL INTERACTION.IS DEFINED IN TERMS OF BEHAVIOR.